Bolthole Index

Clay County, Arkansas

Building permits, zoning and septic rules in Clay County, Arkansas

76Index Score / 100
#26 of 75 in Arkansas

Unincorporated Clay County, Arkansas appears not to require a local building permit, but we could not confirm a current county process on an official county page1. The Arkansas Fire Prevention Code applies statewide, and the State Fire Marshal is the building official where there is no local building official2. The Arkansas Department of Health handles septic permits3.

At a glance

Building permit
No confirmed building-permit requirement in unincorporated Clay County1
Zoning
Countywide rule unconfirmed; municipal zoning varies, and Piggott publishes zoning regulations45
Septic permit
Required statewide; Arkansas Department of Health issues it36
Owner-builder
Owner-builder exemption is from state contractor licensing, not permits or codes7
Water well
Must be built by a licensed Arkansas water well contractor8
RV / tiny home living on your own land
Single-parcel use unconfirmed; paid parks with 3+ spaces are regulated910
Minimum lot size
No general county minimum confirmed; drip-dispersal subdivision lots require at least 0.5 acre11

Who to call

Septic permits

Arkansas Department of Health - Environmental Health (Onsite Wastewater)

Onsite wastewater (septic) permits for Clay County and statewide; local applications are handled through the Department or its Authorized Agent for the county

501-661-2171

4815 W. Markham Street, Slot 46, Little Rock, AR 72205

Also useful

Clay County Judge's Office

Clay County's chief executive office; the county has no separate building, planning or zoning department, so this is the office to ask about any building, zoning, floodplain or road question for unincorporated land

(870) 598-2667

dneighbors.clayco@gmail.com

151 South 2nd Ave, Piggott, AR 72454

Also useful

Clay County Clerk's Office

County records, including recorded deeds and plats for land in Clay County; also keeps a second office in Corning at (870) 857-3480

(870) 598-2813

clay123@centurytel.net

151 South 2nd Ave, Piggott, AR 72454

Contact details are copied from each office’s official page and were checked against it on October 5, 2026.

Off-grid gear

Going off-grid in Clay County means bringing your own water and power. The kit we’d start with:

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Do you need a building permit in Clay County, Arkansas?

We could not confirm a current building-permit or inspection process for unincorporated Clay County on an official county page. The available county information points toward no local building-permit requirement, but buyers should verify the parcel before construction1. Call the Clay County Judge's Office at (870) 598-2667 to ask whether a county permit or inspection applies12. The Arkansas Fire Prevention Code is the statewide fire and building code, and the State Fire Marshal is the building official where there is no local building official2. An owner-builder exemption from state contractor licensing does not waive any permit, inspection, building-code or wastewater requirement7. Arkansas's exemption for work on nonresidential farm buildings is likewise limited to specified electrical licensing and electrical-code-authority requirements13.

Does Clay County have zoning?

We could not confirm a countywide zoning ordinance for unincorporated Clay County on an official county page4. Local rules are not uniform across Clay County: Piggott publishes zoning regulations governing structures, structural distance, parking and loading within the city, while the available material does not establish zoning for unincorporated land5. Buyers inside a municipality should therefore ask that city about zoning before designing a project. Arkansas municipalities must allow at least one accessory dwelling unit by right on a parcel with a single-family dwelling, although fire, zoning, design and other applicable rules still apply; that law does not establish the same right on unincorporated land14. For rural parcels, ask the Clay County Judge's Office at (870) 598-2667 about setbacks, minimum dwelling size and any parcel-specific land-use rule12.

How do septic permits work in Clay County?

Every onsite wastewater system in Clay County needs state approval rather than a county septic permit. The Arkansas Department of Health, or its Authorized Agent where one has been designated, must approve the application before construction3. A Permit for Construction is required before building, altering, repairing or extending a system, and the system cannot be used until inspection and issuance of a Permit for Operation615. Clay County has 0% of soils rated free of severe limits for a conventional drain field, so arrange a parcel-level evaluation before fixing the house site16. Off-grid sanitation is not a permit-free workaround: only Department-authorized, pre-manufactured composting or incinerating toilets may be used, other wastewater still needs approved treatment or disposal, and a licensed septic installer must install an alternate system17. A subdivision lot using drip dispersal must be at least 0.5 acre; that is a septic design standard, not a general Clay County minimum lot size11.

Can you live in an RV or tiny home on your land in Clay County?

We could not confirm whether you can occupy a single RV or tiny home on your own unincorporated Clay County land. Arkansas treats a parcel as a regulated recreational-vehicle park when at least 3 spaces are occupied or intended for occupancy and placement or maintenance services are provided for a fee18. Under that park rule, a tiny house on wheels is treated as a mobile home when plumbed and inspected under the Arkansas Plumbing Code, or as an RV when it is not; Department of Health approval is required before park construction or alteration begins10. Those park rules do not answer whether one RV or one tiny home may be occupied on a private parcel10. Ask the Clay County Judge's Office at (870) 598-2667 before living in either unit or using one during construction12.

Building a home in Clay County: the steps, in order

  1. Call the Clay County Judge's Office at (870) 598-2667 to ask whether a building permit, inspection, zoning rule or setback applies to the parcel1214.
  1. Confirm the design against the Arkansas Fire Prevention Code; where there is no local building official, the State Fire Marshal is the building official2.
  1. Get a septic site evaluation early because 0% of Clay County soils are rated free of severe conventional drain-field limits16.
  1. Obtain the septic Permit for Construction before installation, then inspection and the Permit for Operation before use19615.
  1. Use a licensed Arkansas Water Well Contractor for contracted well construction or pump installation8.
  1. Obtain Arkansas Department of Transportation approval before building a driveway in a state-highway right-of-way20.
  1. If acting as your own contractor, remember that the state licensing exemption does not waive code, permit, inspection or wastewater rules7.

What to check before you buy land in Clay County

Septic suitability is the clearest constraint: 0% of Clay County soils are rated free of severe limits for a conventional drain field, so make the purchase contingent on a parcel-level evaluation if onsite wastewater is essential16. If land is being divided, ask whether the Arkansas onsite-wastewater subdivision rules apply before assuming that every proposed lot is buildable21. The terrain is generally gentle, with 93.4% of land at 15% slope or less, while 21.1% is wooded2223. Clay County averages 49.8 inches of precipitation a year and experiences severe drought in about 7% of years2425. Before closing, also confirm legal road access, floodplain requirements and any deed restrictions with the Clay County Judge's Office and check the recorded deed and plat with the Clay County Clerk's Office1226. The effective property-tax rate is about 0.5%, and the median annual property-tax bill is about $4592728.

Watch-outs

  • We could not confirm from an official Clay County government page whether the county requires a building permit or has adopted zoning; the county's own website, claycountyarkansas.org, lists no building, codes or planning department and publishes no building-code or zoning page of its own121.
  • We could not confirm floodplain-development rules, driveway-access rules for county roads, or short-term-rental rules for Clay County; ask the Clay County Judge's Office at (870) 598-2667 about each before you buy or build12.
  • State park rules for 3 or more fee-based RV, tiny-home or mobile-home spaces do not answer whether you can occupy one RV or tiny home on your own land; that answer remains unconfirmed for Clay County10.

Sources

  1. Clay County Code of Ordinances, Chapter 13 (Urban/Rural Development) (2026 county census)
  2. Summary Agenda - May 18, 2022: 2021 Arkansas Fire Prevention Code, quoted and re-checked
  3. Rules Pertaining to Onsite Wastewater Systems (2024), quoted and re-checked
  4. Clay County Code of Ordinances, Chapter 13 (Urban/Rural Development) (2026 county census)
  5. City of Corning Zoning Code, quoted and re-checked
  6. Rules Pertaining to Onsite Wastewater Systems (2024), quoted and re-checked
  7. Arkansas Residential Contractors Committee Rules, quoted and re-checked
  8. 17 CAR § 11-306. Water well contractor licenses, quoted and re-checked
  9. 20 CAR § 138-101. Definitions, quoted and re-checked
  10. 20 CAR § 138-101. Definitions, quoted and re-checked
  11. 14 CAR § 21-405. Subdivisions, quoted and re-checked
  12. Clay County Judge's Office (claycountyarkansas.org)
  13. 17 CAR § 210-602. Construction and exemptions, quoted and re-checked
  14. Act 313 of the Regular Session: Accessory dwelling units, quoted and re-checked
  15. Rules Pertaining to Onsite Wastewater Systems (2024), quoted and re-checked
  16. Share of soils USDA rates "not limited" for a conventional septic drain field (SSURGO). A strict rating: the median county is about 6% and a tenth of counties are 0%, so a low figure means most lots need a site evaluation or an engineered system, not that septic is impossible. Cite it only with that caveat: Bolthole Index county data
  17. Rules Pertaining to Onsite Wastewater Systems (2024), quoted and re-checked
  18. 20 CAR § 138-102. Compliance, quoted and re-checked
  19. Arkansas Department of Health - Environmental Health (Onsite Wastewater) (healthy.arkansas.gov)
  20. Regulations: Rules for Access Driveways to State Highways (Arkansas statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
  21. 14 CAR § 21-405. Subdivisions, quoted and re-checked
  22. Share of land at 15% slope or less: Bolthole Index county data
  23. Wooded share of land: Bolthole Index county data
  24. Annual precipitation: Bolthole Index county data
  25. Share of years in severe drought: Bolthole Index county data
  26. Clay County Clerk's Office (claycountyarkansas.org)
  27. Effective property tax rate: Bolthole Index county data
  28. Median property tax bill: Bolthole Index county data

Written October 5, 2026 from the rules quoted below, each taken from an official source and re-checked by an independent reviewer. This is research, not legal advice: rules change, so confirm with the office before you buy or build.

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Compared with neighboring counties

Like all 6 of its neighbors, Clay County requires no county building permit for a home.

RuleClay CountyGreene CountyRandolph CountyCraighead CountyLawrence CountyMississippi CountyPoinsett County
Building permitNot requiredNot requiredNot requiredNot requiredNot requiredNot requiredNot required
County zoningNoNoNoNoNoNot publishedNo
Septic permitsADHAR Dept. of HealthAR Dept. of HealthAR Dept. of HealthAR Dept. of HealthAR Dept. of HealthAR Dept. of Health

County locator

Clay County in Arkansas

76
County map
Clay County highlighted among the Arkansas counties · colored by Index score

How Clay County scores

Seclusion75100% ev.
Self-Sufficiency61100% ev.
Admin Boringness85100% ev.
Durability47100% ev.
Property Autonomy47100% ev.
Carry Cost82100% ev.

Evidence strength: 100%. This reports direct-source completeness and fallback use; it is separate from the score and is not a confidence interval. How it works →

$124kTypical home
0.5%Property tax
$4,788Land / acre
49.8"Annual rain
7% of yrsSevere drought
22.2 / yr (+18.6)Mid-century 100°F days
17.7 daysMid-century dry spell
2.44" (+6.7%)Mid-century 1-day rain
1.66×Wildfire change factor
100%Forward climate coverage
$1,584Home insurance / yr
0.8% / yrInsurance growth
0.86%Nonrenewal rate
county median (2+ published ZIPs)Insurance basis
459,235People within 2 hr
18,950Radius comparison (15 mi)
22.2People / sq mi
0.4%Federal land
93.4%Land at 15% slope or less
0%Soils rated "not limited" for septic (strict USDA rating)
0 acWorkable land screen
21.1%Wooded land
57.7 tonsBiomass / forest ac
59.3°FAvg temp

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Cities and towns in Clay County

Inside a city or town, that city usually issues building permits and sets zoning; the county’s rules above cover unincorporated land. Septic, wells and floodplain rules usually stay with the county or state everywhere.

Corning · Town of Datto · Greenway · Knobel · Town of McDougal · Town of Nimmons · Peach Orchard · Piggott · Pollard · Rector · St. Francis · Town of Success

Answers from the rulebook for Clay County

What the ordinances and state agencies actually say — one answer per question, each quoted from the official source and independently re-checked.

Clay County rules

  • Local zoningVaries (with conditions)

    Aggregate local zoning in Clay County, Arkansas, based on independently sourced municipal rules for the City of Corning and City of Piggott; these rules apply within municipal limits rather than throughout the county.

    • The City of Corning zoning regulations apply within the corporate limits of Corning.
    • The City of Piggott states that its zoning regulations were adopted by ordinance and regulate structures, structural distance, parking, and loading requirements.
    • Unincorporated-area county zoning was not established from an official county or state webpage in this research.
    “The City of Piggott Zoning Regulations were a dopted by ordinance in accordance with the General Land Use Plan. They clearly define all city regulations pertaining to structures and structural distance, parking and loading requirements, and more.”
  • County-wide zoningAbsent

    Chapter 13, Article II (Planning/Zoning) only recites the Arkansas enabling statute (A.C.A. 14-17-209/210) and leaves the operative Section "Reserved," indicating no county zoning ordinance has been adopted for unincorporated areas.

    Clay County Code of Ordinances, Chapter 13 (Urban/Rural Development) ↗Scouted from the county site, not yet independently re-checked

Arkansas rules that apply here

  • Building permitLimited

    Construction subject to the Arkansas Energy Code for New Building Construction Supplements and Amendments.

    • The source does not impose a single statewide building-permit requirement for all private residential and commercial construction.
    • Local governments may establish prior plan approval, building-permit requirements, and construction inspections.
    • Counties, cities, or municipalities that issue building permits for new building construction are required to adopt the Arkansas Energy Code for new construction, additions, and renovations.
    • The cited document is the 2014 Arkansas Energy Code; current Arkansas Fire Prevention Code applicability should be confirmed separately.
    “A local government may exercise other administrative and enforcement procedures that it deems necessary to affect the purposes of this Code, including, but not limited to, prior plan approval, building permit requirements, and inspections during the course of construction.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Limited — Construction subject to the Arkansas Building Code statewide minimums, including rural and unincorporated areas.
      “They apply statewide even in areas when no permit or inspections are required.”
  • Owner-builder exemptionAvailable (with conditions)

    Owner-builders and owners acting as their own home-improvement contractors under Arkansas residential-contractor licensing law; this source addresses contractor licensure exemptions, not a Clay County building-permit exemption.

    • The exemption applies to a person acting as a residential building contractor in construction of his or her residence only if the person does not build more than one residence during any calendar year.
    • An owner of a single-family residence may act as his or her own home-improvement contractor on his or her own property.
    • Projects costing $2,000 or less are exempt from the stated licensing requirements.
    • The $2,000 exception does not apply when construction work is divided into separate contracts of less than $2,000.
    • Subcontractors of a contractor licensed by the Residential Contractors Committee are exempt.
    • A person or entity licensed as a contractor by another Arkansas licensing agency, board, or commission is exempt when performing work within the scope of that license.
    • The source does not state that these licensing exemptions waive any building permit, inspection, code, wastewater, or other regulatory requirement.

    project cost threshold: <= 2000 USD (The exception does not apply when construction work is divided into separate contracts of less than $2,000.)

    “The following shall be exempted from the licensing requirements of this subchapter: (1) A person who acts as a residential building contractor in the construction of his or her residence unless he or she builds more than one (1) residence during any calendar year; (2) The owner of a single family residence acting as his or her own home improvement contractor on his or her own property; (3)(A) A person or entity acting as a residential building contractor or a home improvement contractor on any project, when the cost of the work done or to be done does not exceed two thousand dollars ($2,000).”
    2 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Conditional — Arkansas residential builder and home-improvement contractor licensing requirements, including owner-builders in Clay County.
      “The following are exemptions to the residential builder and home improvement licensing requirements: (1) owners are exempt from licensure when acting as the contractor in the construction of his or her residence unless he or she builds more than one residence during any calendar year (2) owners acting as his or her own home improvement contractor on his or her own property (3) subcontractors working for a properly licensed contractors and (4) contractors licensed by other licensing agencies or boards if the contractor is performing work within the scope of that license.”
    • Available (with conditions) — Arkansas residential contractor licensing for an individual constructing the individual’s own residence or an owner of a single-family residence acting as the owner’s own home-improvement contractor on the owner’s property.
      “construction of his or her residence unless he or she builds more than one (1) residence during any calendar year;”
  • Building code adoptedPartial

    State projects in Arkansas.

    • The adopted building code for state projects is the Arkansas Fire Prevention Code, 12 CAR pt. 15, as adopted by the Division of Arkansas State Police, State Fire Marshal’s office.
    • Arkansas laws and the applicable subchapter take precedence over the Arkansas Fire Prevention Code where they exceed its requirements.
    • All project designs must comply with all Arkansas laws and the Arkansas Fire Prevention Code.
    • Other codes, rules, or standards may apply to a specific project.
    • The department and design professional are responsible for determining all applicable codes for each specific project.
    “The adopted building code for state projects is the Arkansas Fire Prevention Code, 12 CAR pt. 15, as adopted by the Division of Arkansas State Police, State Fire Marshal’s office.”
    4 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Adopted (with conditions) — Building-code compliance for construction in Arkansas, including rural and unincorporated areas of Clay County.
      “Arkansas Building Codes are mandatory statewide minimums. [...] The Code applies Statewide, even in rural and unincorporated areas.”
    • Adopted — Building-code requirements applicable statewide in Arkansas, including Clay County.
      “The Arkansas Fire Prevention Code applies statewide and is the fire and building code for all jurisdictions within Arkansas.”
    • Adopted (with conditions) — New structures and applicable alterations, additions, changes in use, and changes in structures throughout Arkansas, under the Arkansas Fire Prevention Code, including Volume II for building-code requirements and Volume III for residential-code requirements.
      “Each district, county, municipality, or other political subdivision of this state shall only adopt and enforce the provisions of the Arkansas Fire Prevention Code, 2021 Edition. [...] The design and construction of new structures shall comply with the International Building Code Arkansas Fire Prevention Code, Volume II, and any alterations, additions, changes in use or changes in structures required by this code, which are within the scope of the International Building Code, Arkansas Fire Prevention Code, Volume II, shall be made in accordance therewith.”
    • Adopted (with conditions) — State projects in Arkansas subject to the Building Authority Division design-review rules.
      “The adopted building code for state projects is the Arkansas Fire Prevention Code, 12 CAR pt. 15, as adopted by the Division of Arkansas State Police, State Fire Marshal’s office. Arkansas laws and this subchapter shall have precedence over the Arkansas Fire Prevention Code where they exceed the requirements of the Arkansas Fire Prevention Code. All project designs shall comply with all Arkansas laws and the Arkansas Fire Prevention Code. Other codes, rules, or standards may be applicable to a specific project. It is the department’s and design professional’s responsibility to determine all applicable codes for each specific project.”
  • InspectionsRequired

    Construction or work that must comply with the Arkansas Energy Code for New Building Construction Supplements and Amendments.

    • Inspection is required for construction or work that must comply with the cited Code.
    • Inspection may be performed by the Arkansas Economic Development Commission Energy Office, its agent, or the code official.
    • Code officials within a county or municipality that has adopted the Code and normally conducts final inspections shall perform final inspection and approval when the building is completed and ready for occupancy.
    • The local government may conduct additional inspections during construction.
    “Construction or work that must comply with this Code shall be subject to inspection by the Arkansas Economic Development Commission - Energy Office or its agent, or by the code official.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
  • Certificate of occupancyLimited

    Open-enrollment public charter schools commencing student operations in a new or renovated facility anywhere in Arkansas.

    • Before commencing operations with students, the school must obtain one of three alternative approvals for the new construction or renovation.
    • The alternatives are: a certificate of occupancy issued by a local code official and approved by the state fire marshal; a certificate of occupancy or other approval of the state fire marshal; or a certificate of substantial completion issued by a licensed architect.
    • A certificate of occupancy is therefore not independently mandatory when one of the two listed alternative approvals is obtained.
    “An open-enrollment public charter school shall not commence operations with students in any new or renovated facility unless the school has obtained for the new construction or renovation: (1) A certificate of occupancy issued by a local code official, approved by the state fire marshal; (2) A certificate of occupancy or other approval of the state fire marshal; or (3) A certificate of substantial completion issued by a licensed architect.”
    2 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Limited — State of Arkansas construction projects administered by a state owner or agency.
      “Certificates of Occupancy are not issued by any one State Agency for State projects. The responsibility therefore rests with the Owner/Agency of the project.”
    • Limited — Buildings subject to the Arkansas Energy Code when located in a county or municipality that has adopted the Code and conducts final inspections as part of normal operations.
      “An open-enrollment public charter school shall not commence operations with students in any new or renovated facility unless the school has obtained for the new construction or renovation: (1) A certificate of occupancy issued by a local code official, approved by the state fire marshal; (2) A certificate of occupancy or other approval of the state fire marshal; or (3) A certificate of substantial completion issued by a licensed architect.”
  • Minimum lot sizeSpecified

    Lots in subdivision development using drip dispersal design to determine minimum lot size under Arkansas onsite-wastewater rules, including applicable property in Clay County.

    • The drip dispersal design must satisfy the minimum depth to bedrock requirement in 14 CAR § 21-602(b)(3).
    • Primary and secondary absorption areas must be flagged on contour.
    • The legal description of the primary and secondary absorption areas must be included in the legal description of the lots.
    • This is an onsite-wastewater subdivision standard, not a general county zoning minimum-lot-size ordinance.

    minimum lot size for lots using drip dispersal design: >= 0.5 acre

    “Lots using drip dispersal design for minimum lot size shall be five-tenths (0.5) of an acre or larger.”
  • Living in an RVLimited

    Occupancy of recreational vehicles in Arkansas recreational-vehicle parks regulated by the Arkansas Department of Health under 20 CAR Part 138.

    • The rule applies when three or more spaces are occupied or intended for occupancy by recreational vehicles, tiny houses on wheels, or mobile homes and placement or maintenance services, or both, are provided for a fee, whether new or existing.
    • The parcel is considered a mobile home or recreational vehicle park and must comply with 20 CAR Part 138.
    • The owner or operator is responsible for compliance.
    • Waivers or exceptions are considered case by case and approval is at the Department of Health's discretion.
    • Construction, alteration, repair, or extension of a mobile-home or recreational-vehicle park requires prior submission and department approval.
    • Detailed plans must include the park layout, sewage system, water source and distribution system, buildings, parking areas, dump stations, and topographical features.

    minimum spaces triggering park regulation: >= 3 spaces (Placement or maintenance services, or both, must be provided for a fee.)

    “Any parcel of land in which three (3) or more spaces are occupied or intended for occupancy by recreational vehicles, tiny houses on wheels, or mobile homes, where placement or maintenance services, or both, are provided for a fee, whether new or existing, shall be: (1) Considered a mobile home or recreational vehicle park; and (2) In compliance with this part.”
  • Tiny homesLimited

    Occupancy of tiny houses on wheels in Arkansas parcels operating as mobile-home or recreational-vehicle parks with three or more paid spaces.

    • The rule expressly includes tiny houses on wheels among spaces triggering mobile-home or recreational-vehicle-park regulation.
    • Placement or maintenance services, or both, must be provided for a fee.
    • The parcel is considered a mobile home or recreational vehicle park and must comply with 20 CAR Part 138.
    • The owner or operator is responsible for compliance.
    • Waivers or exceptions are considered case by case at the discretion of the Arkansas Department of Health.
    • Construction, alteration, repair, or extension of the park requires prior submission and Department approval.
    • Detailed plans and specifications must include the park layout, sewage system, water source and distribution system, buildings, parking areas, dump stations, and topographical features.
    • The rule does not establish a general statewide authorization or prohibition for a single tiny house on wheels outside a qualifying park.

    minimum qualifying spaces: >= 3 spaces (the spaces must be occupied or intended for occupancy by recreational vehicles, tiny houses on wheels, or mobile homes)

    “three (3) or more spaces are occupied or intended for occupancy by recreational vehicles, tiny houses on wheels, or mobile homes”
    3 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Limited — Tiny homes on wheels in Clay County when located in a paid parcel with three or more occupied or intended spaces.
      ““Tiny house on wheels” means a structure intended as a habitable dwelling for one (1) or more individuals which, for the purposes of this part, shall be considered a: (A) Mobile home, if plumbed and inspected in accordance with the 2018 Arkansas Plumbing Code, 17 CAR pt. 65; or (B) Recreational vehicle, if not plumbed and inspected in accordance with the 2018 Arkansas Plumbing Code;”
    • Limited — Arkansas parcels with three or more fee-based spaces occupied or intended for occupancy by tiny houses on wheels, and proposed or remodeled tiny-house parks.
      ““Tiny house on wheels” means a structure intended as a habitable dwelling for one (1) or more individuals”
    • Limited — Occupancy of tiny houses on wheels in Arkansas mobile-home or recreational-vehicle parks regulated by the Arkansas Department of Health under 20 CAR Part 138.
      ““Tiny house on wheels” means a structure intended as a habitable dwelling for one (1) or more individuals which, for the purposes of this part, shall be considered a: (A) Mobile home, if plumbed and inspected in accordance with the 2018 Arkansas Plumbing Code, 17 CAR pt. 65; or (B) Recreational vehicle, if not plumbed and inspected in accordance with the 2018 Arkansas Plumbing Code;”
  • Accessory dwellingsAllowed

    At least one accessory dwelling unit by right on a lot or parcel containing a single-family dwelling within Arkansas municipalities, including municipalities in Clay County.

    • The accessory dwelling unit may be attached, detached, or internal.
    • A detached or attached unit may not exceed 75% of the primary dwelling's gross floor area or 1,000 square feet, whichever is less.
    • Applicable fire, local ordinance, zoning, design, and other state or local regulatory requirements still apply.
    • A municipality may regulate short-term rentals.
    • Application review fees may not exceed $250 per accessory dwelling unit, in addition to usual building fees.
    • A policy, regulation, or ordinance in effect on or after January 1, 2026 that conflicts with the section is invalid to the extent of the conflict.
    • A municipality may require municipal water/sewer will-serve letters or Department of Health approval where municipal service is unavailable.

    maximum detached or attached ADU size: 75% of primary dwelling gross floor area or 1,000 square feet, whichever is less · maximum ADU application review fee: <= 250 USD per ADU (usual building fees may also be required)

    “Except as provided in this section, a municipality shall not adopt a policy, regulation, or ordinance that restricts, prohibits, or otherwise regulates the use of at least one (1) accessory dwelling unit by right on a lot or parcel that contains a single-family dwelling.”
  • Who permits septicState

    Onsite wastewater systems in Clay County, including systems serving buildings or residences.

    • The Arkansas Department of Health or its Authorized Agent must approve the permit application before construction.
    • Where an Authorized Agent has not been designated for a city or county, applications are made to the Department.
    “For those cities or counties with authorized agents, the authorized agent shall be the authorized agent of the department.”
  • Septic permitRequired

    Construction, alteration, repair, extension, or operation of onsite wastewater systems statewide in Arkansas.

    • A completed permit application and detailed plans must be approved before construction of a building or residence.
    • Construction, installation, or modification requires permits for construction and operation before work begins.
    • A permit may be refused where public sewer is reasonably available or economically feasible, subject to the emergency-repair exception.
    • Emergency repairs may proceed without prior permit only if a permit is obtained within 10 working days.
    • Applications are made to the Department or its Authorized Agent; where no local Authorized Agent is designated, applications are made to the Department.
    • Construction must begin within one year after issuance or the permit must be revalidated.
    • The rule is effective September 5, 2024.

    public sewer connection distance: <= 300 feet (when available and connection can be made without crossing another person's property) · emergency repair permit deadline: 10 working days (after repairs are made) · permit review fee for structures 1,500 square feet or less: 30 USD · permit review fee for structures over 1,500 and up to 2,000 square feet: 45 USD · permit review fee for structures over 2,000 and up to 3,000 square feet: 90 USD · permit review fee for structures over 3,000 and up to 4,000 square feet: 120 USD · permit review fee for structures over 4,000 square feet: 150 USD · alteration, repair, or extension permit review fee: 30 USD

    “A completed Onsite Wastewater System Permit Application and detailed plans and specifications following the requirements found in Appendix F for the collection, treatment and/or renovation facilities for all wastes of a domestic nature, containing a predominance of human excreta and exclusive of industrial wastes shall be submitted to and receive the approval of the Arkansas Department of Health or its Authorized Agent, prior to construction of a building or residence. [...] Permit requirement. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, corporation, association, municipality, or governmental agency to begin construction, alteration, repair, or extension of any onsite wastewater system, owned by any other person, firm, corporation, association, municipality or governmental agency until the owner first obtains a valid Permit for Construction issued by the Department or its Authorized Agent.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Required — Construction, alteration, repair, extension, or operation of onsite wastewater systems in Clay County.
      “Permits for construction and operation of onsite wastewater systems shall be obtained in accordance with this part prior to the construction, installation, or modification of the onsite wastewater system.”
  • Septic inspectionRequired

    Operation of onsite wastewater systems statewide in Arkansas after installation or construction.

    • The system must be inspected and approved by the Arkansas Department of Health or its Authorized Agent before operation.
    • The owner must obtain a Permit for Operation before the system is used.
    • The installer must notify the Authorized Agent or Designated Representative when the installation is ready for inspection.
    • The owner or occupant must provide free access at reasonable times for inspection.
    • The installer must submit required installation documentation to the local health unit within five days.
    • The inspection may be performed by the Authorized Agent or, with the Authorized Agent's approval, by the Designated Representative.

    installer documentation deadline: 5 days (after installation pursuant to the approved permit)

    “It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, corporation, association, municipality or governmental agency to begin operation of any onsite wastewater system until such system has been inspected and approved by the Department or its Authorized Agent and the owner has first obtained a Permit for Operation issued by the Department or its Authorized Agent. [...] Within five (5) days, the installer shall submit the required documentation to the local health unit that the system has been installed pursuant to the approved permit. [...] After approval of the inspection, the Authorized Agent will approve and issue a Permit for Operation. The system shall not be used until the Permit for Operation is issued.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Required — Operation of onsite wastewater systems in Clay County.
      “It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, corporation, association, municipality, or governmental agency to begin operation of any onsite wastewater system until: (1) Such system has been inspected and approved by the department or its authorized agent; and (2) The owner has first obtained a permit for operation issued by the department or its authorized agent.”
  • Off-grid sanitationAllowed (with conditions)

    Use of composting or incinerating toilets as components of an Arkansas onsite wastewater system.

    • Only pre-manufactured composting or incinerating toilets authorized by the Department may be used.
    • The devices must be evaluated by an ANSI-approved laboratory under NSF Standard 41.
    • Wastewater other than urine and feces must be renovated or disposed of under Sections 8 or 9 of the rule.
    • Stabilized compost must be buried onsite or deposited in an approved sanitary landfill.
    • The system remains subject to applicable onsite wastewater permitting and approval requirements.
    “Only pre-manufactured composting or incinerating toilets authorized by the Department”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Limited — Composting or incinerating toilets and associated wastewater disposal in Clay County.
      “Only premanufactured composting or incinerating toilets authorized by the Department of Health shall be utilized in the onsite wastewater system.”
  • Well permitRequired

    Water-well construction or pump installation performed under contract in Clay County.

    • A person contracting for or engaged in well construction or pump installation must hold or be employed by a person holding an Arkansas Water Well Contractor License.
    • The contractor must hold the proper license, certificates, and permits for the type of construction engaged.
    • The rule is statewide and administered under the Arkansas Water Well Construction Rules.
    “Any person who contracts for or is engaged in well construction or pump installation shall hold or be employed by a person holding an Arkansas Water Well Contractor License. The water well contractor shall: (A) Hold the proper license, certificates, and permits for the type of construction engaged; and (B) Meet continuing education requirements as set forth herein.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Limited — Wells serving public and semi-public water systems in Arkansas.
      “Wells for public and semi-public water systems shall be located, designed, and constructed in accordance with the respective rules of the Department of Health and shall have written approval from the department prior to the start of construction. If uncertain that a well is public or semi-public, the well contractor shall obtain a written determination from the department prior to construction.”
  • Mandatory utility hookupSewer (with conditions)

    Homes and premises where a sanitary sewer is within 300 feet from the point where the sewer exits the building and available without crossing another person's property.

    • When the stated distance and availability conditions are met, connection to the sanitary sewer is required.
    • Privies, onsite wastewater systems, and other receptacles for human excreta may not be constructed, maintained, or used on the premises under that condition.

    sewer distance from building sewer-exit point: <= 300 feet (sewer must be available without crossing another person's property)

    “All premises shall be connected to a sanitary sewer when within three hundred feet (300’) from the point where the sewer exits a building on the property owner’s property and available to said premises when connection can be made without crossing another person's property.”
  • Agricultural exemptionConditional

    State and local sales-tax exemption for electricity, natural gas, and liquefied petroleum gas used by qualifying agricultural structures and qualifying aquaculture or horticulture equipment in Arkansas.

    • The utility must be separately metered and used only for the exempt purpose.
    • Multiple-use meters serving eligible and noneligible structures, facilities, or equipment do not qualify.
    • The farmer must obtain a certificate from the Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration before the exemption is allowed and provide it to the utility supplier.
    • Qualifying agricultural structures include commercial poultry or livestock facilities, cattle or dairy facilities, and greenhouses used for commercial production.
    • Qualifying aquaculture or horticulture equipment includes specified cooling, collection, irrigation, pond-pumping, pond-aeration, and holding or sorting-tank equipment used in commercial operations.

    exemption start date: 2014-01-01 · eligible utilities: electricity, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (Must be separately metered and used only for the exempt purpose) · DFA certificate: true (Required before the exemption is allowed) · water exemption for commercial poultry farming start date: 2021-10-01 (Water must be used exclusively for poultry farming and separately metered)

    “Act 1441 of 2013 provides an exemption from state and local sales taxes for electricity, natural gas, and liquefied petroleum gas used by qualifying agricultural structures and qualifying aquaculture and horticulture equipment beginning January 1, 2014. The eligible utility must be separately metered and used only for the purpose of the exemption.”
    2 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Conditional — Construction, installation, maintenance, repair, or renovation of a nonresidential farm building or structure in Clay County, Arkansas, with respect to the specified Arkansas electrical licensing and electrical-code-authority requirements.
      “(a) The licensing requirements of Arkansas Code § 17-28-101 et seq. shall not apply to the following: [...] (4) The construction, installation, maintenance, repair, or renovation of any nonresidential farm building or structure; [...] (b) The requirements of the Arkansas Electrical Code Authority Act, Arkansas Code § 20-31-101 et seq., shall not apply to the following: [...] (2) Any construction, installation, maintenance, repair, or renovation of any nonresidential farm building or structure; and”
    • Conditional — Construction, installation, maintenance, repair, or renovation of a nonresidential farm building or structure in Arkansas, as an exemption from the Arkansas Electrical Code Authority Act requirements.
      “(b) The requirements of the Arkansas Electrical Code Authority Act, Arkansas Code § 20-31-101 et seq., shall not apply to the following: [...] (2) Any construction, installation, maintenance, repair, or renovation of any nonresidential farm building or structure;”
  • Subdividing landRegulated (with conditions)

    Subdivision development in Clay County that uses onsite wastewater systems.

    • Primary and secondary absorption areas must be sized according to natural soil conditions and applicable loading rates.
    • For lots less than three acres proposed for subdivision development, undisturbed soils must meet the specified seasonal-water-table depth thresholds.
    • Lots less than three acres requiring interceptor drains in subdivision approval must include a complete permit submittal establishing the primary and secondary areas and interceptor drain.
    • Submission must be made to the local health unit using an approved method.
    • Construction of any type may not begin on any lot in the subdivision until the Arkansas Department of Health gives final approval of the onsite-wastewater submission.
    • For drip dispersal design, the criteria in 14 CAR § 21-405(a)(6) apply and the lot must be at least 0.5 acre.

    soil depth to brief seasonal water table for lots under 3 acres: >= 13 inch · soil depth to adjusted moderate seasonal water table for lots under 3 acres: >= 18 inch · soil depth to adjusted long seasonal water table for lots under 3 acres: >= 24 inch · minimum lot size using drip dispersal design: >= 0.5 acre

    “Thirteen inches (13”) or greater to a brief seasonal water table; [...] Twenty-four inches (24”) or greater to an adjusted long seasonal water table.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Regulated (with conditions) — Subdivision plats that are boundary surveys creating parcels in Arkansas.
      “Subdivision plats [...] are to be filed with the State Surveyor’s office [...] Filing is not required [...] for survey plats [...] located in a municipality [...]”
  • Driveway accessRequired

    Construction, reconstruction, modification, or relocation of access driveways on Arkansas State Highway right-of-way, including residential, commercial, and temporary access driveways.

    • No work may begin on State Highway right-of-way until the engineer issues the permit.
    • Applications are made to the District Engineer and include a work description, location, applicant contact information, and required drawings or deposit/bond.
    • An Access Management Agreement may require approval or a permit from the relevant jurisdiction; failure to provide it may be grounds for denial.
    • Commercial driveway permits generally require a minimum $1,000 deposit or bond per driveway, with governmental-entity waiver possible.
    • Temporary driveway access is limited to 120 days initially, extendable at 60-day intervals up to 240 days.

    commercial driveway deposit or bond: >= 1000 USD per driveway minimum (May be waived for governmental entities.) · temporary driveway initial duration: <= 120 days maximum (May be extended at 60-day intervals up to 240 total days.) · frontage limit: 50 feet or less (Limited to one driveway.) · rural setback inside adjoining property frontage: >= 10 feet minimum (Urban minimum is 5 feet; Section 6.9 exceptions may apply.)

    “A permit shall be obtained from the Department for all access driveways on State Highways.”
  • Building in a floodplainRequired

    Development by an Arkansas state department on property within the boundaries of the hundred-year floodplain or a Building Authority Division designated flood hazard area.

    • The rule applies to a state department proposing the development, not generally to all private or local development statewide.
    • The department must submit an application on a form approved by the Design Review Section.
    • The application must include the application number, date, department or property owner, site address or legal description, development type, brief description, base flood elevation, lowest-floor elevation, attachment acknowledgment, and applicant contact/signature information.
    • Supporting attachments should include the FEMA map, copies of other regulatory permits such as Clean Water Act sections 401 and 404 permits, elevation certificates, a certification of no increase in base flood elevation or no-rise certificate, a flood-proofing certificate, certifications for water supply, sanitary sewer, and on-site waste disposal systems, and notification of watercourse alteration or relocation.
    • The Design Review Section reviews and approves or disapproves the application; if approved, the floodplain administrator issues a development permit for the design phase.
    • The permit must be posted during construction; the site is reviewed before final acceptance; and noncompliant work requires correction or may be designated a nonconforming use site.
    • For riverine watercourse alteration or relocation, the department must notify the division, adjacent communities, and the state NFIP Coordinator at the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission before the alteration or relocation, submit copies to the Federal Insurance and Mitigation Administration, maintain flood-carrying capacity, and provide an engineering study of before-and-after conditions prepared by a registered professional engineer.
    • For structures and equipment pads under the state rule, elevation requirements vary by FEMA-map and base-flood-elevation availability: two feet above adjacent grade where no FEMA map exists; two feet above the Building Authority Division base flood elevation where no nearby FEMA base flood elevation data exists; and one foot above the accepted or mapped base flood elevation in the circumstances specified by 22 CAR § 111-708.

    minimum elevation where no FEMA map exists and site is flood-prone: 2 feet above adjacent grade · minimum elevation where FEMA map exists but no base flood elevation data is provided within 500 feet: 2 feet above the Building Authority Division-established base flood elevation · minimum elevation where FEMA map exists, no site base flood elevation is provided, and a base flood elevation is available within 500 feet or from another authoritative source: 1 foot above the base flood elevation accepted by the division · minimum elevation where FEMA map provides a base flood elevation at the site: 1 foot above the elevation shown on the map in the flood insurance study, if available, or as interpolated between map elevations

    “When a department proposes to develop property within the boundaries of the hundred-year floodplain or a Building Authority Division designated flood hazard area, the department shall submit an application for a development permit on a form approved by the Design Review Section.”
  • Permit feesPublished (with conditions)

    Basic design-service fees for Arkansas state department projects governed by the Building Authority Division.

    • The schedule is based on total final construction cost, including adjustments by change order or negotiations.
    • For projects less than $50,000 or more than $50,000,000, fees may be negotiated subject to Building Authority Division approval.
    • Specified modifiers apply, including deductions for simple projects and additions for complex projects or projects requiring intensified observation.

    basic fee for construction cost $50,001 to $75,000: 9.25 percent of total final construction cost · basic fee for construction cost $75,001 to $100,000: 9 percent of total final construction cost · basic fee for construction cost $100,001 to $200,000: 8.75 percent of total final construction cost · basic fee for construction cost $1,000,001 to $20,000,000: 6.5 percent of total final construction cost · basic fee for construction cost $42,500,001 to $50,000,000: 4 percent of total final construction cost · fee modifier for simple projects: 1 percentage points minimum deduction · fee modifier for complex projects: 1.5 percentage points maximum addition

    “$50,001 to $75,000 | 9.25%”
  • Permit processPublished (with conditions)

    Arkansas state department development projects located within a hundred-year floodplain or a Building Authority Division-designated flood hazard area.

    • The application is submitted on a Design Review Section-approved form.
    • The application must identify the site, development type, base flood elevation, lowest-floor elevation, attachments, and applicant contact and signature information.
    • Supporting materials may include FEMA maps, other regulatory permits, elevation certificates, no-rise certification, flood-proofing certification, utility or onsite-waste-disposal certification, and watercourse-alteration notification.
    • The Design Review Section reviews and approves or disapproves the application; additional information may be requested.
    • If approved, the floodplain administrator issues a design-phase development permit; the permit must be posted during construction, followed by compliance review before final acceptance.

    permit application timing: before development of covered property · appeal or review completion point: prior to final acceptance

    “the department shall submit an application for a development permit”
  • Campground & park staysLimited

    Recreational vehicle parks and parcels with three or more RV spaces where placement or maintenance services, or both, are provided for a fee, including proposed or remodeled parks.

    • A parcel with three or more spaces occupied or intended for occupancy by recreational vehicles, tiny houses on wheels, or mobile homes, where placement or maintenance services, or both, are provided for a fee, is considered a mobile home or recreational vehicle park and must comply with 20 CAR Part 138.
    • The owner or operator is responsible for compliance.
    • Waivers or exceptions are considered case by case at the discretion of the Arkansas Department of Health.
    • Construction, alteration, repair, or extension of a mobile home or recreational vehicle park requires Department of Health approval before work begins.
    • For a recreational vehicle park, Department of Health-approved plans are required; the rule describes such parks as involving three or more spaces for transient dwelling purposes, typically by night or week.
    • Recreational vehicles may not be permanently connected to RV spaces and must be quickly and easily moved when a flood event is imminent.
    • Parking-area ground surfaces must be paved, covered with stone or solid material, or protected by erosion-preventing vegetation.
    • Recreational vehicles must be separated from each other and other structures by at least fifteen feet.
    • The rule was adopted effective August 15, 2026.

    spaces triggering RV-park regulation: >= 3 spaces (Applies where placement or maintenance services, or both, are provided for a fee.) · minimum separation between recreational vehicles and other structures: >= 15 feet

    “(a) Any parcel [...] three (3) or more spaces [...] where [...] services [...] are provided for a fee [...] shall be: [...] (2) In compliance with this part.”
    3 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Limited — Arkansas parcels with three or more RV spaces occupied or intended for occupancy for a fee, and proposed or remodeled RV parks.
      “Any parcel of land in which three (3) or more spaces are occupied or intended for occupancy by recreational vehicles”
    • Limited — Temporary or transient camping involving three or more paid RV/tiny-home/mobile-home spaces in Clay County.
      ““Recreational vehicle park” means a parcel of land, for which plans have been approved by the Department of Health, where three (3) or more spaces are occupied or intended for occupancy by recreational vehicles for transient dwelling purposes, typically by night or week, commonly associated with travel to, at, or near an attraction;”
    • Limited — Camping at Arkansas state-park campsites.
      “Campers may not occupy campsites within the same park in excess of fourteen (14) days within a thirty-day period.”
  • county zoning authorityGeneral

    Arkansas counties may establish zoning ordinances for all or part of their unincorporated areas through a county planning board.

    • The county planning board may prepare or cause preparation of the ordinance.
    • The ordinance must include both a map and text.
    • Permitted subjects include building location, height, bulk, stories, size, open space, lot coverage, population density and distribution, and uses of land, buildings, and structures.
    • The ordinance may require off-street parking and loading.
    • The ordinance may provide for compatible-use districts, large-scale unified development, elimination of nonconforming uses, and other matters necessary to county health, safety, and general welfare.
    • The ordinance must designate districts or zones for all or part of the unincorporated area.
    • Regulations must be uniform throughout each district or zone.
    • The ordinance must allow and regulate home-based work as provided in Arkansas Code § 14-1-104.
    “The county planning board shall have authority to prepare, or to cause to be prepared, a zoning ordinance for all or part of the unincorporated area of the county, which ordinance shall include both a map and a text.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • General — Arkansas county planning boards adopting zoning ordinances for all or part of a county's unincorporated area.
      “The county planning board shall have authority to prepare, or to cause to be prepared, a zoning ordinance for all or part of the unincorporated area of the county, which ordinance shall include both a map and a text.”

Inside cities and towns in Clay County

Municipal rules found while researching the county. They apply inside that city or town, not to unincorporated land.

  • Local zoningPresent (with conditions)

    The annexed premises identified in City of Piggott Resolution No. 251, within the City of Piggott, Arkansas.

    • The annexation becomes effective upon the stated dedication of streets and granting of easements, if necessary.
    • The resolution assigns the annexed premises a residential (R1) zoning class.
    • Sewer and water improvements are the responsibility of residents of the annexed area.

    zoning class: R1

    “This annexation shall become effective upon the property owners, if necessary, dedicating all of the streets and granting unto the City of Piggott easements for streets and utility services, if any, and that the zoning class of the annexed premises shall be residentail (Rl);”
    2 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Present (with conditions) — Buildings and structures within the City of Rector, Arkansas, under Rector Zoning Ordinance #359.
      “Act 186 enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Arkansas in 1957 provides the City of Rector, under guidance of the Planning Commission, with the authority to adopt, administer, enforce, and amend these regulations. These regulations are in effect within the entire City limits of Rector.”
    • Present (with conditions) — Zoning within the corporate limits of the City of Corning, Clay County, Arkansas.
      “These regulations apply within the corporate limits of the City of Corning.”

Still unanswered

We looked and could not find an official answer yet. Silence is not permission — ask the county directly.

  • Zoning districts — Published county zoning districts or zoning-district information for Clay County, especially unincorporated areas.
  • Minimum dwelling size — Minimum dwelling size for residential construction in unincorporated Clay County, Arkansas.
  • Setbacks — Building setbacks in unincorporated Clay County, Arkansas.
  • Lot coverage — Lot coverage limits in unincorporated Clay County, Arkansas.
  • Building height — Building height limits in unincorporated Clay County, Arkansas.
2 more unanswered
  • Manufactured homes
  • Short-term rentals

Each answer was extracted from an official source and independently re-checked against that source by a second reviewer. That is an evidence check, not legal advice. Rules change; confirm with the authority before you buy or build.

Living off-grid in Clay County, Arkansas

Is Clay County a good place to live off-grid or homestead?

Clay County scores 76/100 on the Bolthole Index, a strong county profile. Its strengths: low administrative friction for a quiet rural property and manageable long-term carry cost.

Do you need a building permit in Clay County, Arkansas?

Clay County does not require a county building permit for a home in unincorporated areas, and it has no county-wide zoning. Onsite septic is permitted by Arkansas Department of Health (ADH), Onsite Wastewater program. Owner-builders may act as their own contractor to build their home. These answers are quoted from official sources and independently re-checked. Rules change and cities within the county differ — always confirm with the county before you buy or build.

Can you live in an RV or tiny home on your land in Clay County?

Living in an RV on your own land in Clay County is limited to specific cases: Statewide rule. Occupancy of recreational vehicles in Arkansas recreational-vehicle parks regulated by the Arkansas Department of Health under 20 CAR Part 138. The rule applies when three or more spaces are occupied or intended for occupancy by recreational vehicles, tiny houses on wheels, or mobile homes and placement or maintenance services, or both, are provided for a fee, whether new or existing. The parcel is considered a mobile home or recreational vehicle park and must comply with 20 CAR Part 138. A tiny home is limited to specific cases. Confirm with the county before relying on it.

How much does land cost in Clay County, Arkansas?

Land in Clay County runs about $4,788 per acre, based on the latest county data.

What is the water situation in Clay County?

Clay County gets about 49.8" of rain a year, with severe drought in roughly 7% of years.

How remote is Clay County?

A typical private-land location has about 18,950 people within 15 miles and 2,387,775 within 100 miles. These radius catchments are the published fallback where road routing is unavailable.

How Clay compares in Arkansas

Compare side-by-side →See all 75 Arkansas counties ranked →