Bolthole Index

Washington County, Maryland

Building permits, zoning and land rules in Washington County, Maryland

61Index Score / 100
#7 of 24 in Maryland

Washington County, Maryland requires building permits for regulated construction and systems on property outside its incorporated towns1. The county zoning ordinance also governs unincorporated land, while the Washington County Health Department administers onsite sewage approvals23. A well construction permit is required, and a new onsite sewage system needs its own permit and inspection45.

At a glance

Building permit
Required for regulated work outside the county's incorporated towns1
Zoning
County zoning applies to land outside incorporated municipalities2
Septic & well permits
Onsite sewage approval and installation inspection are required; well construction also requires a permit56
Owner-builder
Allowed if you own the property, will live there, and personally serve as general contractor7
RV living
Not allowed for living purposes outside a licensed recreational camping area; storage is allowed with setbacks8
Accessory dwelling unit (ADU)
Allowed in listed zoning districts, up to 1,200 sq ft or 75% of the primary home's floor area9
Agricultural building exemption
No building permit needed for a qualifying farm structure if setbacks are met and a certificate is issued10
Property tax
About 0.9% effective rate; median bill around $2,444/year1112

Who to call

Building permits

Washington County Permits & Inspections (Division of Plan Review & Permitting)

Reviews and issues building permits for property outside Washington County's seven incorporated towns

240-313-2460

747 Northern Ave, Hagerstown, MD 21742

Zoning

Washington County Division of Planning & Zoning

Administers the county zoning ordinance, zoning permits and ADU approvals for unincorporated Washington County

240-313-2430

747 Northern Ave, Hagerstown, MD 21742

Septic permits

Washington County Health Department, Environmental Health

Issues septic (onsite sewage disposal) permits for Washington County

240-313-3400

wchd.eh@maryland.gov

1302 Pennsylvania Ave, Hagerstown, MD 21742

Well permits

Washington County Health Department, Environmental Health

Issues well construction permits for Washington County

240-313-3400

wchd.eh@maryland.gov

1302 Pennsylvania Ave, Hagerstown, MD 21742

Roads & driveways

Washington County Highways Department

Reviews driveway/entrance permits for access onto county roads

240-313-2720

601 Northern Avenue, Hagerstown, MD 21742

Floodplain permits

Washington County Engineering Division (Flood Mitigation Program)

Handles floodplain permits and FEMA flood-map questions for Washington County

240-313-2460

747 Northern Ave, Hagerstown, MD 21742

Contact details are copied from each office’s official page and were checked against it on October 7, 2026.

Off-grid gear

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Do you need a building permit in Washington County, Maryland?

On property outside Boonsboro, Clear Spring, Hagerstown, Hancock, Keedysville, Sharpsburg and Williamsport, Washington County requires a building permit for construction, enlargement, alteration, repair, movement, demolition, occupancy changes, and regulated electrical, gas, mechanical or plumbing work1. The county has adopted the 2021 Maryland Building Performance Standards, with county modifications and local amendments to the 2021 building, residential and energy codes13. County materials specifically include decks and sheds over 400 square feet in the building-permit process14. A qualifying agricultural structure that is tied to an agricultural operation and is neither occupied by people nor open to the public may avoid a building permit, but it still needs an agricultural structure certificate and must meet district setbacks10.

Who issues building permits in Washington County, and how do you reach them?

Washington County Permits & Inspections handles county-administered building permits from 747 Northern Ave in Hagerstown and can be reached at 240-313-246015. The county building excise tax effective July 1, 2026 is $1.75 per square foot for new residential construction and $0.88 per square foot for residential additions and alterations16. An owner may act as the responsible general contractor of record, but must not contract with someone else to perform, manage, oversee or supervise the permitted work without notifying the building office and adding the contractor's name and license number7. A new home or addition requires at least four inspections, each requested with at least 24 hours' notice17. For county-administered projects, construction and final inspections must be complete before the Use and Occupancy Certificate is issued, and a private well's water samples must have Health Department approval18.

Does Washington County have zoning?

Washington County's zoning ordinance and official zoning map cover land outside incorporated municipalities, and Planning & Zoning maintains the map and its amendments2. Ask that office for the parcel's district before relying on a use, setback, lot-size or height assumption19. For example, the RB Rural Business floating zone has a 40,000-square-foot minimum lot and district-specific setbacks2021. Its normal structure height is 35 feet, while a qualifying building in an Agricultural, Residential or Business district may reach three stories and 45 feet only if each side yard increases by one-half foot for every extra foot above the normal limit2223. A subdivision lot in unincorporated Washington County cannot be sold or built on until the Planning Commission approves the plat and the Clerk of the Circuit Court records it24.

How do septic and well permits work in Washington County?

The Washington County Health Department administers onsite sewage programs under delegated state authority3. A septic permit or site-evaluation application may be needed during building review, and building approval may follow or occur alongside the well permit, septic permit and recorded agreements25. No part of a new onsite sewage system may be covered or used until the Health Department or an approved third party inspects and approves it26. That installation rule does not establish a mandatory septic inspection for every property sale, which we could not confirm. A permit is also required to construct any well in Maryland6. Septic serves sites without public collection, but the approving authority may require a sewer connection where community sewer is adequate and economically available2728. Only about 40.1% of county soils avoid a severe limitation rating for conventional drain fields, so complete the site evaluation before treating a homesite as buildable29.

Can you live in an RV or tiny home on your land in Washington County?

A recreational travel vehicle cannot be used for living purposes on land governed by the Washington County zoning ordinance unless it is in a bona fide recreational camping area8. An owner may store an RV in a garage, accessory building, rear yard, side yard or driveway, subject to the ordinance's placement rules8. We could not confirm a specific county rule for occupying a tiny home or a general minimum dwelling size, so ask Planning & Zoning about the proposed structure and parcel before buying19. Maryland allows a qualifying manufactured home in a zone permitting single-family residential use once it is converted to real property, but county zoning, construction, site preparation, utility and permit requirements still apply30. A qualifying accessory dwelling unit is allowed in the listed county zoning districts, with its size capped at 1,200 square feet or 75% of the primary residence's gross floor area, whichever is less9.

What are the steps to build a home in Washington County?

  1. Confirm the zoning district, permitted dwelling type, setbacks, height and any subdivision-plat issue with Planning & Zoning192.
  2. Have the Health Department determine the onsite sewage and well approvals needed for the building review3125.
  3. Obtain a county floodplain permit before any work that is wholly or partly in contact with a flood-hazard area32.
  4. Submit the plot plan, construction drawings and building-permit application to Permits & Inspections151.
  5. Apply for a county-road entrance with the building permit, or contact the Maryland State Highway Administration for access to a state route3334.
  6. Complete building and septic installation inspections, then obtain the Use and Occupancy Certificate before moving in17518.

What should you check before buying land in Washington County?

Before closing, confirm the zoning map and any subdivision status with Planning & Zoning, because district rules determine uses, setbacks and height192. Check the proposed house, driveway and septic area against flood hazards; unincorporated-county development touching a flood-hazard area needs a county floodplain permit before work begins32. Washington County has about 77.9% of its land at a slope of 15% or less and about 51.1% forest cover, but those countywide figures do not establish that a particular lot is buildable3536. Farmland averages about $8,668 per acre, the typical home value is about $335,497, and the median property-tax bill is about $2,444 per year373812. Finally, determine whether access is from a county road or state route, because the responsible entrance-permit authority changes3334.

Watch-outs

  • We could not confirm a Washington County tiny-home occupancy rule or general minimum dwelling size; confirm the proposed dwelling and parcel with Planning & Zoning before you buy19.
  • A short-term residential rental in county-administered areas is capped at 30 consecutive days per client or reservation, which matters if you're counting on vacation-rental income39.
  • An onsite sewage system may not be covered or used before its installation is inspected and approved, but we could not confirm that every property transfer requires a septic inspection26.
  • A community sewer connection may be required when service is adequate and economically available, so do not assume an onsite septic system will be approved near an existing sewer line28.

Sources

  1. Homeowner’s Procedures for Filing a Building Permit Application for Washington County, Maryland, quoted and re-checked
  2. Washington County Zoning Ordinance, quoted and re-checked
  3. Environmental Health – Washington County Health Department, quoted and re-checked
  4. Well Construction Permit Applications and Forms, quoted and re-checked
  5. COMAR 26.04.02.02 General Provisions, quoted and re-checked
  6. Well Construction Permit Applications and Forms, quoted and re-checked
  7. Owner-Builder Declaration, quoted and re-checked
  8. Washington County, Maryland Zoning Ordinance, quoted and re-checked
  9. Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) Policy, quoted and re-checked
  10. Zoning Ordinance for Washington County, Maryland, quoted and re-checked
  11. Effective property tax rate: Bolthole Index county data
  12. Median property tax bill: Bolthole Index county data
  13. Washington County Adopts 2021 Building Code Effective July 1, 2024, quoted and re-checked
  14. Residential Permit Application Checklist, quoted and re-checked
  15. Washington County Permits & Inspections (Division of Plan Review & Permitting) (washco-md.net)
  16. Permits and Inspections - Washington County, quoted and re-checked
  17. Inspection Requirements for Residential Structures, quoted and re-checked
  18. Homeowner’s Procedures for Filing a Building Permit Application for Washington County, Maryland, quoted and re-checked
  19. Washington County Division of Planning & Zoning (washco-md.net)
  20. Zoning Ordinance for Washington County, Maryland, quoted and re-checked
  21. Zoning Ordinance for Washington County, Maryland, quoted and re-checked
  22. Washington County Zoning Ordinance, quoted and re-checked
  23. Washington County Zoning Ordinance, Section 23.4 Height, quoted and re-checked
  24. Subdivision Ordinance, Washington County, Maryland, quoted and re-checked
  25. Building Permit Flow Chart, quoted and re-checked
  26. regs.maryland.gov, quoted and re-checked
  27. Environmental Health – Washington County Health Department, quoted and re-checked
  28. regs.maryland.gov, quoted and re-checked
  29. Share of soils USDA rates "not limited" for a conventional septic drain field (SSURGO). A strict rating: the median county is about 6% and a tenth of counties are 0%, so a low figure means most lots need a site evaluation or an engineered system, not that septic is impossible. Cite it only with that caveat: Bolthole Index county data
  30. Maryland Land Use Article § 4-104 (Maryland statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
  31. Washington County Health Department, Environmental Health (washcohealth.org)
  32. FMP – FEMA Maps, Floodplain Permits, etc. - Washington County, quoted and re-checked
  33. Residential Permit Application Checklist, quoted and re-checked
  34. Access Management/Permits - MDOT SHA (Maryland statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
  35. Share of land at 15% slope or less: Bolthole Index county data
  36. Wooded share of land: Bolthole Index county data
  37. Farmland value per acre (USDA census): Bolthole Index county data
  38. Typical home value (Zillow): Bolthole Index county data
  39. Board of County Commissioners Approve Update to Ordinance for Short-Term Residential Rentals, quoted and re-checked

Written October 7, 2026 from the rules quoted below, each taken from an official source and re-checked by an independent reviewer. This is research, not legal advice: rules change, so confirm with the office before you buy or build.

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Compared with neighboring counties

Like all 6 of its neighbors, Washington County requires a building permit for a home.

RuleWashington CountyFrederick CountyMontgomery CountyCarroll CountyAllegany CountyHoward CountyBaltimore County
Building permitRequiredRequiredRequiredRequiredRequiredRequiredRequired
County zoningYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Septic permitsCounty Health Dept.County Health Dept.County Dept. of Permitting ServicesCounty Health Dept.County Health Dept.County Health Dept.County Ground Water Management

County locator

Washington County in Maryland

61
County map
Washington County highlighted among the Maryland counties · colored by Index score

How Washington County scores

Seclusion34100% ev.
Self-Sufficiency74100% ev.
Admin Boringness42100% ev.
Durability82100% ev.
Property Autonomy43100% ev.
Carry Cost60100% ev.

Evidence strength: 100%. This reports direct-source completeness and fallback use; it is separate from the score and is not a confidence interval. How it works →

$335kTypical home
0.9%Property tax
$8,668Land / acre
40.9"Annual rain
2.3% of yrsSevere drought
5 / yr (+4.8)Mid-century 100°F days
12.6 daysMid-century dry spell
1.84" (+9.7%)Mid-century 1-day rain
1.52×Wildfire change factor
100%Forward climate coverage
$1,196Home insurance / yr
2.6% / yrInsurance growth
0.61%Nonrenewal rate
county median (2+ published ZIPs)Insurance basis
34,396People within 30 min
10,523,593People within 2 hr
200,164Radius comparison (15 mi)
340.4People / sq mi
4.4%Federal land
77.9%Land at 15% slope or less
40.1%Soils rated "not limited" for septic (strict USDA rating)
114,216 acWorkable land screen
51.1%Wooded land
60.8 tonsBiomass / forest ac
53.7°FAvg temp

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Cities and towns in Washington County

Inside a city or town, that city usually issues building permits and sets zoning; the county’s rules above cover unincorporated land. Septic, wells and floodplain rules usually stay with the county or state everywhere.

Not yet researched: Town of Boonsboro · Town of Clear Spring · Town of Funkstown · Town of Keedysville · Town of Sharpsburg · Town of Williamsport

Answers from the rulebook for Washington County

What the ordinances and state agencies actually say — one answer per question, each quoted from the official source and independently re-checked.

Washington County rules

  • Building permitRequired

    Construction, enlargement, alteration, repair, movement, demolition, or occupancy changes involving buildings or structures, and regulated electrical, gas, mechanical, or plumbing systems in Washington County.

    • A building permit must be obtained and posted before construction starts.
    • For property outside the corporate limits of Boonsboro, Clear Spring, Hagerstown, Hancock, Keedysville, Sharpsburg, or Williamsport, applications are made to the Washington County Division of Plan Review & Permitting.
    • Within listed incorporated towns, local application and zoning procedures may apply; the county booklet states that the Division reviews and approves building-code compliance.
    • Applications require applicable plans, fees, and agency approvals; the booklet states that applications may be rejected without required plot plans or complete construction drawings.
    “A permit is required to construct, enlarge, alter, repair, move, demolish or change the occupancy of a building or structure, or to erect, install, enlarge, alter, repair, remove, convert or replace any electrical, gas, mechanical or plumbing system, the installation of which is regulated by the current adopted International Residential Code (IRC).”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Required — Construction, enlargement, alteration, repair, movement, demolition, occupancy changes, and regulated electrical, gas, mechanical, or plumbing work on property outside the corporate town limits in Washington County.
      “A permit is required to construct, enlarge, alter, repair, move, demolish or change the occupancy of a building or structure, or to erect, install, enlarge, alter, repair, remove, convert or replace any electrical, gas, mechanical or plumbing system, the installation of which is regulated by the current adopted International Residential Code (IRC). [...] If the proposed construction is on property located in Washington County and outside of the corporate town limits of Boonsboro, Clear Spring, Hagerstown, Hancock, Keedysville, Sharpsburg, or Williamsport, application is made, in person, at: Washington County Division of Plan Review & Permitting”
  • Owner-builder exemptionAvailable (with conditions)

    An owner applying to act as the owner-builder for a Washington County building permit.

    • The owner assumes the responsibilities typically required of a licensed contractor and is the responsible party of record on the permit.
    • The owner must not have entered into a contract with another person or company to perform, manage, oversee, or supervise work covered by the permit; if such a contract is later made, the building permit office must be notified and the contractor's name and license number added before the contractor performs work.
    • All trade work must be completed by a contractor licensed or registered in Washington County, Maryland, except that a homeowner may perform plumbing work on their own existing residence or new dwelling under construction in which they will reside, on a one-time basis, after obtaining at least 70% on the homeowner plumbing test and obtaining a plumbing permit; the permitted work is limited to within the owner's dwelling and up to 3 feet from the foundation wall on the building drain.
    • The owner may be exposed to liability for injuries to unlicensed workers and latent construction defects, and may protect against financial risk by hiring a licensed contractor and filing the permit in the contractor's name.

    homeowner plumbing test minimum score: >= 70 percent (One-time plumbing work in the homeowner's existing residence or new dwelling under construction in which the homeowner will reside) · plumbing work distance from foundation wall: <= 3 feet (On the building drain)

    “I, the applicant/owner, have agreed to act as the “Owner-Builder” under this building permit. By doing so, I am assuming all responsibilities typically required of a licensed contractor for the construction of my proposed project.”
  • Building code adoptedAdopted (with conditions)

    The 2021 Maryland Building Performance Standards and identified 2021 model building codes in Washington County, Maryland, subject to county modifications and local amendments.

    • The county ordinance adopts the 2021 Maryland Building Performance Standards as adopted by the State of Maryland under COMAR 05.02.07.
    • The adoption includes modifications and is subject to local amendments for Washington County, Maryland.
    • The county's official combined-codes page identifies local amendments for the 2021 International Building Code, 2021 International Residential Code, and 2021 International Energy Conservation Code.
    • The adoption was made February 27, 2024 and became effective July 1, 2024.

    adoption date: 2024-02-27 · effective date: 2024-07-01 · adopted building code edition: 2021 (Subject to modifications and local amendments)

    “Adopted/Effective Date: 2.27.2024/7.1.2024 Description: An Ordinance to Adopt the 2021 Maryland Building Performance Standards as Adopted by the State of Maryland (COMAR 05.02.07), with Modifications, and subject to Local Amendments for Washington County, Maryland”
  • InspectionsRequired

    New buildings, additions, and alterations to existing residential buildings in Washington County.

    • A minimum of four inspections is required, with at least 24 hours’ notice before each inspection.
    • Required phases include footing forms and setbacks before pouring; foundation and basement wall before backfilling and before proceeding with the superstructure; slabs before pouring; rough mechanical and framing before insulation and drywall; rough plumbing and electrical before concealment; insulation; and final mechanical and final building inspections when complete.
    • Final electrical, plumbing, and applicable Health Department inspections must be approved before scheduling final building and mechanical inspections.
    • The County may reject work concealed or completed without prior inspection and approval.
    • Inspection fees apply for premature requests, incomplete work, or inaccessible areas: $50 for the first extra trip, $75 for the second, and $100 for the third.

    minimum inspections: >= 4 inspections · notice before each inspection: >= 24 hours · first extra inspection trip fee: 50 USD (For premature requests, incomplete work, or inaccessible areas) · second extra inspection trip fee: 75 USD (For premature requests, incomplete work, or inaccessible areas) · third extra inspection trip fee: 100 USD (For premature requests, incomplete work, or inaccessible areas)

    “All new buildings, additions, and alterations to existing buildings require a minimum of four inspections, and a minimum of 24 hours’ notice must be given to this office prior to each inspection.”
  • Certificate of occupancyRequired

    Occupancy of buildings regulated by the Washington County Division of Permits and Inspections.

    • A final inspection and Certificate of Occupancy must be obtained before occupying the building.
    • The Certificate of Occupancy is normally issued by the end of the second business day after final building inspection approval if all required documents have been submitted, received, and approved.
    • An expedited Certificate of Occupancy may be requested in writing by email for an extenuating circumstance after final building inspection approval, with a $75 fee paid before release.
    • For properties served by a private well and septic system, a Health Department report certifying satisfactory bacteriological and chemical well-water testing and proper septic installation is required; this condition does not apply where public facilities serve the property.
    • The County allows a Temporary Certificate of Occupancy for residential projects beginning June 1, 2022, when required inspections have been completed and extenuating circumstances are approved by the Director/Code Official; the request requires specified project information and a $75 fee.

    normal Certificate of Occupancy issuance: end of second business day (After final building inspection approval and approval of all required documents) · expedited Certificate of Occupancy fee: 75 USD (Written email request and extenuating circumstances required) · Temporary Certificate of Occupancy request fee: 75 USD (Residential projects; policy beginning June 1, 2022; approval required)

    “Final inspection and Certificate of Occupancy must be obtained before occupying the building.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
  • County-wide zoningPresent (with conditions)

    Washington County zoning regulation outside incorporated municipalities.

    • The ordinance applies outside the jurisdiction of incorporated municipalities.
    • Uses, buildings, properties, and land are subject to the county zoning ordinance and applicable zoning districts, permits, and conditions.
    “This Ordinance shall take effect on the 2nd day of April, 1973, and shall apply to all lands, buildings, properties, and their uses, including any submerged lands, watered areas or islands, within the territorial limits of Washington County, Maryland, outside the jurisdiction of incorporated municipalities.”
  • Local zoningVaries (with conditions)

    Aggregate local-zoning status across Washington County, including county-regulated unincorporated areas and incorporated municipalities.

    • The Washington County zoning ordinance applies outside incorporated municipalities.
    • Incorporated municipalities are outside the county ordinance's stated jurisdiction and may have separate municipal zoning rules.
    • The county zoning ordinance is administered by the Washington County Planning Commission and Zoning Administrator; zoning permits and ordinance conditions apply where the county ordinance governs.
    “If any city, town or village in Washington County, Maryland participates or is participating in the County Area-Wide Planning Program, then the County Commissioners are hereby authorized to conclude arrangements with said municipality for preparation and implementation of zoning within the geographical confines of said city, town or village; and for the enforcement and administration of said Zoning Ordinance by and through the County agencies wheresoever appropriate.”
  • Zoning districtsPublished (with conditions)

    Zoning districts and the official zoning map for lands within Washington County outside incorporated municipalities.

    • The ordinance applies outside the jurisdiction of incorporated municipalities.
    • The ordinance establishes rural, residential, business, industrial, planned-development, and special districts, including A(R), EC, P, RV, RB, RT, RS, RU, RM, BL, BG, IR, IG, IM, MX, PB, PI, HI, HP, SED, ORT, ORI, ERT, AO, and AP.
    • The Official Zoning Map and record of amendments are maintained by and may be viewed at the Department of Planning and Zoning.
    • The digital map is maintained as the Washington County Digital Zoning Layer and was adopted by the Board of County Commissioners.
    • Uncertified map copies are informational only; certified zoning verification may be obtained from the Zoning Administrator.
    • The document repository identifies the consolidated zoning ordinance as current through April 23, 2018 and separately lists later zoning amendments.
    “This Ordinance shall take effect on the 2nd day of April, 1973, and shall apply to all lands, buildings, properties, and their uses, including any submerged lands, watered areas or islands, within the territorial limits of Washington County, Maryland, outside the jurisdiction of incorporated municipalities. [...] The Official Zoning Map, together with a record of all amendments, is maintained by and may be viewed at the Department of Planning and Zoning.”
  • Minimum lot sizeDistrict specific (with conditions)

    Lots in the Washington County RB Rural Business floating zone

    • The RB District may be located on parcels in Agricultural, Environmental Conservation, Preservation, or Rural Village zoning districts.
    • The proposed RB District must satisfy the criteria in Section 5E.4, including location outside designated growth areas, adequate road access, and adequate treatment of sewage, water supply, stormwater management, and floodplain issues.
    • The consolidated zoning ordinance source is identified by the County repository as current through April 23, 2018, with later amendments listed separately; later amendments should be checked for applicability.

    minimum lot size: 40000 square feet

    “Section 5E.5 Bulk Regulations: (a) Lot Size: Minimum 40,000 Sq. Ft.”
  • SetbacksDistrict specific (with conditions)

    Building setbacks for lots in the Washington County RB Rural Business floating zone

    • Front setback is measured from the applicable public-road right of way.
    • Side and rear setbacks depend on whether the adjoining property is zoned for or occupied by residential or non-residential land use.
    • The consolidated zoning ordinance source is identified by the County repository as current through April 23, 2018, with later amendments listed separately; later amendments should be checked for applicability.

    front setback from minor collector or local public road right of way: 40 feet · front setback from major collector or arterial public road right of way: 50 feet · side and rear setback from residentially zoned or occupied property: 50 feet · side and rear setback from non-residentially zoned or occupied property: 25 feet

    “(b) Front Yard Building Setback: 40 Feet from a Minor Collector or Local Public Road Right of Way 50 feet from a Major Collector or Arterial Public Road Right of Way (c) Side and Rear Yard Building Setbacks: 50 Feet from a property zoned for or occupied by a Residential Land Use; 25 Feet from a property zoned for or occupied by a Non-Residential Land Use.”
  • Building heightSpecified

    Buildings in any Washington County Agricultural, Residential, or Business District subject to the Section 23.4(b) height modification.

    • The building may be extended to no more than three stories.
    • The height may not exceed 45 feet.
    • Each side yard must be increased one-half foot for each additional one foot of height above the normal maximum limit.
    • The modification applies above the normal district height limit; the applicable district's ordinary height limit must be determined separately.

    maximum stories: <= 3 stories · maximum height: <= 45 feet · side-yard increase: per 0.5 feet per additional foot of height (Applies above the normal maximum limit.)

    “In any Agricultural, Residential, or Business District, the height of a building may be extended to three stories, but not over forty-five (45) feet, if each side yard is increased in width one-half foot for each additional one foot of height above the normal maximum limit.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • District specific (with conditions) — Structures in the Washington County RB Rural Business floating zone district.
      “(d) Structure Height: 35 Feet [...] (b) In any Agricultural, Residential, or Business District, the height of a building may be extended to three stories, but not over forty-five (45) feet, if each side yard is increased in width one-half foot for each additional one foot of height above the normal maximum limit.”
  • Living in an RVLimited

    Recreational travel trailers and recreational travel vehicles on property subject to the Washington County Zoning Ordinance.

    • They may be parked or stored as an accessory use in any district only in a garage, accessory building, rear yard, side yard, or driveway of the lot occupied by the owner.
    • Outdoor parking or storage must be at least four feet from rear and side lot lines and at least ten feet from the front lot line or the road edge, street, curb, or sidewalk, whichever is closest.
    • No recreational travel vehicle may be used for living purposes except in bona fide recreational camping areas.
    • Mobile homes as defined in Article 28A are excluded from the recreational-travel-vehicle provision.
    “No recreational travel vehicle shall be used for living purposes except in bona fide recreational camping areas. Mobile homes as defined in Article 28A are specifically excluded from the provision of this section.”
  • Camping on your landLimited

    Camping in Washington County parks.

    • Camping is allowed only in designated areas.
    • A Special Event Permit is required.
    “Camping: Allowed only in designated areas with a Special Event Permit.”
  • Accessory dwellingsAllowed (with conditions)

    Accessory dwelling units on lots in Washington County zoning districts AR, EC, P, RV, RT, RS, RU, RM, RB, BL, BG, and HI.

    • An ADU is a second subordinate dwelling unit on the same lot, tract, or parcel as the principal dwelling and must provide complete independent living facilities.
    • ADUs may be attached or detached and have no minimum area requirement.
    • The ADU is limited to 75% of the gross floor area of the primary residence or 1,200 square feet, whichever is less; the limit does not apply to finished basements or converted attic space.
    • An ADU may not be subdivided off or sold separately from the primary dwelling.
    • Lots containing semi-detached dwellings, townhouses, or multifamily dwellings may not have an ADU.
    • A lot with an existing two-family dwelling may have one detached ADU but may not create a three-dwelling structure with another attached ADU.
    • Commercial districts BL, BG, and HI may have one ADU per lot.
    • ADUs must comply with underlying zoning setback, height, and building-lot-coverage standards and require one parking space.
    • ADUs may not be used as short-term residential rentals, and travel trailers may not be used as ADUs.
    • ADUs are exempt from excise tax fees, but all other permit fees apply; address, zoning, ADU, and other applicable reviews, including well or septic review, are required.
    • A mobile home may be used as an ADU only when placed on a permanent foundation complying with the building code; mobile-home permit requirements apply.
    • Sprinklers are required for attached and detached ADUs, subject to the policy's basement, attic, and mobile-home exceptions.

    maximum ADU size: <= 1200 square feet (or 75% of the primary residence gross floor area, whichever is less; finished basements and converted attics are excepted) · required parking: 1 space

    “ADU’s are permitted in the following zoning districts: AR, EC, P, RV, RT, RS, RU, RM, RB, BL, BG and HI.”
  • Who permits septicCounty

    Local approval and administration of onsite sewage disposal and septic programs in Washington County, Maryland.

    • The Maryland Department of the Environment identifies the Washington County Health Department among the local approving authorities.
    • Washington County Health Department states that it administers and enforces MDH and MDE programs through delegated authority.
    “Local Approving Authorities [...] Washington County Health Department”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • County — On-site sewage disposal administration in Washington County, including county environmental-health functions carried out under delegated MDH/MDE authority.
      “We administer and enforce programs originating from the Maryland Department of Health (MDH) and the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) through delegated authority.”
  • Septic permitRequired

    Construction or alteration of an onsite sewage disposal system in Washington County.

    • A permit must be obtained from the Approving Authority before construction or attempted construction.
    • Alteration, increased wastewater flow, or a change in wastewater character also requires permission.
    • The cited regulation separately requires the relevant onsite sewage and/or well permits or certification before certain building or use permits may issue.
    • The onsite sewage disposal permit is not valid for more than 2 years from issuance, but may be renewed at the Approving Authority's discretion.
    • The project must conform to the approved county water and sewerage plan.

    permit validity: <= 2 years (May be renewed at the discretion of the Approving Authority.)

    “A person may not construct or attempt to construct an on-site sewage disposal system without first receiving a permit from the Approving Authority.”
  • Off-grid sanitationLimited

    Use of onsite septic systems for sewage disposal in Washington County where public collection and disposal systems are unavailable.

    • Septic systems are described as serving locations where public collection and disposal systems are not available.
    • Site suitability and system use/load affect proper functioning.
    • Percolation tests evaluate soil suitability for a potential onsite septic system.
    • For repairs, permits may be issued for replacement of a failing system based on available evaluation information.
    • Public sewer-connection obligations may apply when sewer becomes available under county rules and policy.
    “Septic systems are used for the disposal of sewage where public collection and disposal systems are not available.”
  • Agricultural exemptionConditional

    Agricultural structures associated with an agricultural operation in Washington County, Maryland

    • The structure must be associated with an agricultural operation.
    • The structure must not be associated with human occupancy or have access by the general public.
    • A building permit is not required, but district setbacks must be met.
    • An agricultural structure certificate is required upon submission and review of a scaled drawing.
    • Structures associated with animal husbandry facilities must comply with Article 22, Division IX of the zoning ordinance.
    “A structure associated with an agricultural operation, which is not associated with human occupancy or have access by the general public. Agricultural structures may be constructed without need to obtain a building permit; however, setbacks shall be met in accordance with the district that it is located, and an agricultural structure certificate is required. Structures associated with animal husbandry facilities shall be in accordance with Article 22 Division IX of this Ordinance.”
  • Subdividing landRegulated (with conditions)

    Subdivision of land outside incorporated municipalities in Washington County, Maryland

    • The ordinance does not apply to land within municipal corporations.
    • A subdivision plat must be approved by the Washington County Planning Commission and properly filed and recorded before subdivision, sale of a lot, or erection of a building in a subdivision.
    • The ordinance states that more restrictive applicable laws, regulations, ordinances, deed restrictions, or covenants govern.
    • The ordinance provides a variance mechanism for extraordinary hardship or topographic or irregular-shape conditions.
    • The ordinance was enacted January 13, 1981 and states an effective date of March 1, 1981.
    “The provisions of these regulations shall apply to all lands within Washington County, Maryland except land within municipal corporations. No land within Washington County, outside incorporated jurisdictions shall be subdivided, nor shall any lot be sold or building erected in a subdivision as herein defined, until a plat of the subdivision is approved by the Commission and the plat properly filed and recorded by the Clerk of the Circuit Court for Washington County, Maryland.”
  • Driveway accessRequired

    Residential driveway access onto a Washington County road or street.

    • Applications are taken at the time of the building permit application.
    • A $1,500 two-year performance bond is required for a standard residential entrance permit; cash in lieu is acceptable.
    • A base coat must be in place before Use & Occupancy issuance, when the bond or substitute check is released.
    • For access onto a State highway route, the applicant must contact the Maryland State Highway Administration.
    • Driveway and property lines must be staked before approval.
    • The driveway must be paved at least 25 feet from the roadway centerline.
    • The entrance must be completed within two years, or before Use & Occupancy issuance for a new building, whichever occurs first.

    entrance permit fee: 25 USD (standard residential entrance permit) · performance bond: 1500 USD (two-year bond; cash in lieu acceptable) · minimum paving distance: >= 25 feet from roadway centerline · completion deadline: 2 years (or before Use & Occupancy issuance for a new building, whichever occurs first)

    “A two-year performance bond for a standard residential entrance permit is required in the amount of $1,500.00.”
  • Building in a floodplainRequired

    Development or construction wholly within, partially within, or in contact with a flood hazard area in unincorporated Washington County, including filling, grading, new structures, substantial improvements, replacement manufactured homes, temporary structures, and watercourse alterations.

    • A Washington County floodplain permit must be obtained before work begins.
    • The county ordinance states that no permit may be issued until its regulatory requirements are met.
    • For permits in nontidal waters of the State, applicants are advised to contact MDE; unless waived by MDE, MDE regulates the 100-year frequency floodplain of free-flowing waters under COMAR 26.17.04.
    • A Washington County permit is still required in addition to applicable State requirements.
    • The county web page states that agricultural practices do not require a county floodplain permit except for filling, excavating, or constructing a structure.
    • The county web page lists a $25.00 permit-application fee and a $150.00 technical-review fee.
    • The ordinance states that a permit is valid for one year if work actually starts within 180 days of issuance; written, justified extensions may be granted for additional periods not exceeding 90 days each, subject to the stated flood-hazard-area and base-flood-elevation condition.

    permit application fee: 25 USD · technical review fee: 150 USD (For technical review of the project) · work start deadline: <= 180 days (Actual start of work must occur within 180 days of permit issuance) · permit validity: 1 year (Provided actual start of work is within 180 days of issuance) · extension period: <= 90 days (Each additional extension period; written request and justifiable cause are required)

    “It shall be unlawful for any person to begin any development or construction which is wholly within, partially within, or in contact with any flood hazard area established in Section 1.5 [...] until a permit is obtained from Washington County. No such permit shall be issued until the requirements of these regulations have been met.”
  • Short-term rentalsLimited

    Short-term residential rentals regulated by the Washington County Zoning Ordinance in county-administered areas.

    • A short-term residential rental is a non-owner-occupied residential structure providing temporary lodging to transient guests for compensation.
    • Rental of individual rooms or the entire structure may not exceed 30 consecutive days per client or reservation.
    • No site plan is required.
    • Off-street parking must comply with Article 22, Division 1 of the Zoning Ordinance.
    • Signage requiring a zoning permit is prohibited.
    • The county news release states residential districts use special-exception approval and rural areas use principally permitted treatment; district-specific confirmation should be checked against the current ordinance because the linked zoning ordinance repository identifies an older base ordinance with later amendments.

    maximum rental period per client/reservation: <= 30 consecutive days

    “Such uses shall not exceed rental of individual rooms or the entire structure for more than 30 consecutive days per client/reservation.”
  • Permit feesPublished (with conditions)

    County building excise tax rates and permit-related fees administered by Washington County Division of Permits and Inspections.

    • Rates are effective July 1, 2026 as stated on the county page.
    • Other permit fees may vary by permit type and applicable fee schedule.

    new residential construction building excise tax: 1.75 USD/square foot · residential additions and alterations building excise tax: 0.88 USD/square foot · non-residential, non-retail construction building excise tax: 1.5 USD/square foot · non-residential retail construction building excise tax, first 15,000 square feet: 1.5 USD/square foot

    “Effective July 1, 2026, the following Building Excise Tax rates will apply:”
  • Permit processPublished (with conditions)

    Residential building permits and land-development plan submissions administered by Washington County.

    • Building permits are required for construction, alteration, repair, addition, and removal of structures, including decks and sheds over 400 square feet.
    • Residential applications must include the checklist items applicable to the project; omitted items may delay review.
    • Land-development plans must be submitted through the Accela Citizen Access portal, with the Department of Planning & Zoning as the submission point.
    • Additional fees may be assessed later and must be paid before originals are signed.

    shed/deck threshold: > 400 square feet · permit processing hours Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, Friday: 7:30 a.m.–4:00 p.m. · permit processing hours Wednesday: 7:30 a.m.–3:00 p.m. (Due to Permit Tech Training)

    “Building permits are required for the construction, alteration, repair, addition and removal of structures, including decks and sheds over 400 sq ft.”

Maryland rules that apply here

  • Manufactured homesAllowed (with conditions)

    Placement and resulting residential use of qualifying manufactured homes in zones that allow single-family residential uses.

    • The manufactured home must meet the Maryland statutory definition and applicable federal safety standards.
    • The home must be converted to real property by attachment to a permanent foundation, identical ownership of the home and parcel, and recording an affidavit of affixation.
    • Local jurisdictions may apply building codes, zoning codes, and other local requirements.
    • The rule does not require local jurisdictions to allow mobile homes on wheels or temporary foundations.
    • Local jurisdictions may require the same historic-district standards applicable to traditional single-family homes.
    “A legislative body may not prohibit the placement of a new manufactured home or modular dwelling in a zone that allows single–family residential uses”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Limited — Placement of a new manufactured home in a Maryland zoning zone that allows single-family residential uses; this claim does not establish unrestricted statewide occupancy on every parcel.
      “A legislative body may not prohibit the placement of a new manufactured home or modular dwelling in a zone that allows single–family residential uses”
  • Septic inspectionRequired

    Installation of an on-site sewage disposal system serving property in Washington County, including new systems and systems covered by COMAR 26.04.02.

    • No part of the on-site sewage disposal system may be covered or used until it has been inspected and approved by the Approving Authority or an Approving Authority-approved third party.
    • If hydrologic or geologic problems exist, or construction activities may adversely impact the sewage system, the Approving Authority may require installation, inspection, and approval before issuance of the building permit by the local agency issuing building permits.
    • The system must first receive an on-site sewage disposal permit before construction or attempted construction.
    • Washington County Health Department Environmental Health administers MDE programs through delegated authority; the state COMAR rule remains the rule-maker.
    “No part of an on-site sewage disposal system may be covered or used until it has been inspected and approved by the Approving Authority or a third party approved by the Approving Authority.”
    2 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Required — Installation of an onsite sewage disposal system in Washington County under Maryland's statewide onsite sewage regulations.
      “inspected and approved by the Approving Authority”
    • Required — Any onsite sewage disposal system before it is covered or used statewide in Maryland.
      “No part of an on-site sewage disposal system may be covered or used until it has been inspected and approved by the Approving Authority or a third party approved by the Approving Authority.”
  • Well permitRequired

    Construction of wells in Washington County, including private water-supply wells, subject to Maryland's statewide well-construction regulations.

    • A well may not be constructed until the Approving Authority issues a permit, except for emergency procedures in Regulation .06.
    • The permit may be issued only to a person licensed by the State Board of Well Drillers as a master well driller.
    • A separate permit is required for each well, although a well cluster may be permitted under one permit.
    • A permit is valid for 12 months from issuance and may be extended in 6-month increments upon written request by the well driller.
    • A permit requires a completed application and applicable approval criteria, including any required water-appropriation/use application or notice of exemption.
    • A permit is not required for certain reworking or deepening of existing wells under Regulation .11.

    permit validity: 12 months (May be extended in 6-month increments upon written request by the well driller.) · well-construction permit fee: if applicable

    “A well may not be constructed until the Approving Authority has issued a permit to drill the well”
    3 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Required — Construction of any well in Washington County and elsewhere in Maryland.
      “A well construction permit is required for any well that is constructed in the State of Maryland.”
    • Required — Construction of any well in Washington County and elsewhere in Maryland.
      “A well construction permit is required for any well that is constructed in the State of Maryland.”
    • Required — Construction of any well in Maryland, including wells serving private or non-community water supplies.
      “A well construction permit is required for any well that is constructed in the State of Maryland.”
  • Mandatory utility hookupConditional

    Residential and other establishments statewide in Maryland, particularly properties governed by COMAR 26.04.02, concerning use of individual water or sewerage systems and connection to community systems.

    • Except as authorized by the Department, a person may not construct or install an on-site sewage disposal system to serve property already connected to a community sewerage system.
    • If a community sewerage system is adequate and economically available to the building served, the Approving Authority may require connection.
    • An individual water supply or sewerage system may be allowed where a community system is unavailable or not required only if the Department finds the individual system adequate and safe before the community system is scheduled to be available.
    • The individual system must be constructed in the most economical and convenient way to permit future connection, and the person must guarantee connection when the county governing body sets a time, including by posting a bond or making another arrangement the Department considers necessary and adequate.
    • The Secretary may order connection when a public water or sewerage system is directly available and the existing private system is or could become prejudicial to health or the environment.
    “The Approving Authority may require a connection to the community sewerage system.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Sewer (with conditions) — Connection to a community sewerage system where it is adequate and economically available to the building served.
      “may require a connection to the community sewerage system.”
  • county zoning authorityGeneral

    Maryland counties adopting and enforcing zoning and planning laws, including for unincorporated county territory within the county's jurisdiction.

    • The authority is exercised through local laws and remains subject to other public general law, public local law, and any applicable State-government regulatory authority.
    • The statute states that the State policy is that planning and zoning controls are implemented by local government.
    “A county may enact local laws relating to zoning and planning to protect and promote public safety, health, morals, and welfare, including: [...] It is the policy of the State that planning and zoning controls shall be implemented by local government.”
  • county building authorityLimited

    Maryland counties requiring building permits and adopting or enforcing building codes for residential construction in unincorporated areas.

    • Local Government Article § 13-901 applies to all counties except Anne Arundel County, Baltimore City, Baltimore County, Cecil County, Charles County, Howard County, Prince George’s County, Queen Anne’s County, and Worcester County.
    • Under § 13-901(c), covered county governing bodies may regulate building construction, adopt and enforce building codes, require building permits, impose permit and inspection fees, and inspect buildings and structures.
    • Section 13-902 applies only to Calvert, Caroline, Dorchester, Frederick, Harford, Kent, and Worcester Counties.
    • Under § 13-902(c), a building or housing code generally does not apply to a building on a farm or premises devoted solely to agricultural uses, except that it applies in Calvert County to dwellings on which construction began after July 1, 1979 and in Frederick County to residential buildings or buildings constructed for human habitation regardless of location or auxiliary use.
    • Kent County must adopt a building code and housing code; Calvert, Caroline, Dorchester, Frederick, Harford, and Worcester Counties may adopt them.
    • A building code adopted under § 13-902 must require a building permit before a building is built or improved and include standards for structural safety, fire prevention, lighting, ventilation, and proper access.
    • Later amendments to codes incorporated by reference are not effective in Caroline, Frederick, Harford, Kent, and Worcester Counties until incorporated into the county code.
    • Separate county-specific provisions apply to Cecil, Charles, Queen Anne’s, and St. Mary’s Counties, including the Charles County exemption for farm buildings and other outbuildings costing less than $2,500.
    • The Maryland Building Performance Standards apply statewide to each building or structure for which a building permit application is received by a local jurisdiction on or after August 1, 1995.

    building permit before building is built or improved: true (Required in a building code adopted under Local Government Article § 13-902.) · Charles County farm-building or outbuilding cost exemption: < 2500 USD (The Charles County building code does not apply to farm buildings or other outbuildings costing less than $2,500.) · Maryland Building Performance Standards application date: >= 1995-08-01 (Applies to building permit applications received on or after this date.)

    “This section applies to all counties except: [...] The governing body of a county may: (1) regulate the construction of buildings and signs; (2) adopt a building code; (3) provide for enforcement of the code; (4) require permits for the construction of buildings and signs; (5) impose permit and inspection fees; (6) provide for inspection of buildings and structures;”

Still unanswered

We looked and could not find an official answer yet. Silence is not permission — ask the county directly.

  • Minimum dwelling size — Minimum dwelling size for residential dwellings in Washington County, Maryland, including county-regulated unincorporated areas
  • Tiny homes — Tiny-home occupancy in Washington County, Maryland, including county-regulated unincorporated areas

Each answer was extracted from an official source and independently re-checked against that source by a second reviewer. That is an evidence check, not legal advice. Rules change; confirm with the authority before you buy or build.

Living off-grid in Washington County, Maryland

Is Washington County a good place to live off-grid or homestead?

Washington County scores 61/100 on the Bolthole Index, a solid county profile. Its strengths: mixed durability signals and workable self-sufficiency basics: 40.9″/yr rainfall and 51.1% wooded land. Watch-outs: about 34,396 people within a 30-minute drive.

Do you need a building permit in Washington County, Maryland?

Washington County generally requires a residential building permit, and it enforces county zoning. Onsite septic is permitted by Washington County Health Department, Environmental Health. Owner-builders may act as their own contractor to build their home. These answers are quoted from official sources and independently re-checked. Rules change and cities within the county differ — always confirm with the county before you buy or build.

Can you live in an RV or tiny home on your land in Washington County?

Living in an RV on your own land in Washington County is limited to specific cases: Recreational travel trailers and recreational travel vehicles on property subject to the Washington County Zoning Ordinance. They may be parked or stored as an accessory use in any district only in a garage, accessory building, rear yard, side yard, or driveway of the lot occupied by the owner. Outdoor parking or storage must be at least four feet from rear and side lot lines and at least ten feet from the front lot line or the road edge, street, curb, or sidewalk, whichever is closest. Confirm with the county before relying on it.

How much does land cost in Washington County, Maryland?

Land in Washington County runs about $8,668 per acre, based on the latest county data.

What is the water situation in Washington County?

Washington County gets about 40.9" of rain a year, with severe drought in roughly 2.3% of years.

How remote is Washington County?

A representative private-land location has about 34,396 people within a 30-minute drive and 10,523,593 within two hours. The road-network catchments count population across county lines and clusters of smaller cities; straight-line radius values remain available as a comparison.

How Washington compares in Maryland

Compare side-by-side →See all 24 Maryland counties ranked →