Unincorporated Johnson County, Arkansas appears not to require a county residential building permit, but the statewide building code still applies12. The county appears to have no countywide zoning, though the City of Clarksville zones land inside its limits34. Septic permits for every address in the county, city or not, go through the Arkansas Department of Health, with applications handled at the Johnson County Local Health Unit in Clarksville56.
At a glance
- Building permit
- Not required in unincorporated Johnson County; the statewide building code still applies12
- Zoning
- No countywide zoning in unincorporated Johnson County3
- Septic permit
- Issued by the state (Arkansas Department of Health) through the Johnson County Local Health Unit in Clarksville5
- Off-grid sanitation
- Approved composting or incinerating toilets may be used, but other wastewater still needs compliant disposal7
- Owner-builder exemption
- Licensing exemption for your own residence, limited to one residence per calendar year; permits and codes still apply8
- RV / tiny home living
- A single unit on private land remains unconfirmed; state rules cover fee-based parks with 3 or more spaces9
- Driveway on a state highway
- Requires an Arkansas DOT permit; no confirmed county driveway rule was found10
- Accessory dwelling
- Arkansas municipalities must allow at least one qualifying ADU; that rule does not cover unincorporated land11
Who to call
Also useful
Johnson County Government (Clarksville)
General Johnson County government contact; the starting point for a rural building, road or land-use question not covered by the state, since no separate county building, planning or road department could be found online
215 West Main Street, Clarksville, AR 72830
Septic permits
Johnson County Local Health Unit (Arkansas Department of Health), Clarksville
Onsite wastewater (septic) permit applications for Johnson County, through the Onsite Environmental Specialist
#6 Professional Park Drive, Clarksville, AR 72830
Contact details are copied from each office’s official page and were checked against it on October 10, 2026.
Off-grid gear
Going off-grid in Johnson County means bringing your own water and power. The kit we’d start with:
- Water Crystal Quest Filter any source — well, rain, or creek — to drinking-clean.
- Power Bluetti Solar generators and home battery backup for living off the grid.
- Septic Soil percolation test kit Run your own perc test before paying an engineer — the first thing a septic office asks about.
- Water Well water test kit Bacteria, nitrates, hardness — know what the well on a parcel is really pumping.
These are affiliate links — we may earn a commission, at no cost to you. As an Amazon Associate, Bolthole Index earns from qualifying purchases.
Do you need a building permit in Johnson County, Arkansas?
Unincorporated Johnson County does not require a county residential building permit1. The Arkansas Fire Prevention Code, including its residential volume, remains the statewide construction standard even where no local permit or inspection program exists2. A permit exemption is therefore not a code exemption, and work inside a municipality may face separate city requirements2. We could not confirm a residential inspection schedule or certificate-of-occupancy process for unincorporated land, so ask the county government office about those items before construction12.
Who handles building, zoning and permitting in Johnson County?
Johnson County lists no dedicated building, zoning or planning department13. The general county government office in Clarksville is the starting point for questions about rural construction, county-road access, inspections or land use12. Septic permitting is handled under Arkansas Department of Health authority, and the Johnson County Local Health Unit accepts local onsite-wastewater applications136. Inside Clarksville, the city's Planning Commission handles zoning changes such as rezonings, so contact the city for zoning and building questions on a city lot4. Septic permits still come from the Arkansas Department of Health whether the address is inside a city or not13.
Does Johnson County have zoning?
Unincorporated Johnson County appears to have no countywide zoning3. Inside the City of Clarksville, zoning districts do apply, and the Clarksville Planning Commission hears rezoning requests4. We could not confirm county rules for minimum dwelling size, minimum lot size, setbacks, building height or lot coverage, so ask the county government office about a specific parcel instead of treating it as unrestricted12. Arkansas municipalities must allow at least one qualifying accessory dwelling unit on a parcel with a single-family home, subject to building, zoning, design, utility and sanitation requirements; that state mandate does not establish an ADU right on unincorporated Johnson County land11.
How do septic and well permits work in Johnson County?
Johnson County onsite-wastewater systems are permitted under Arkansas Department of Health authority, with local applications handled through the Johnson County Local Health Unit5136. A construction permit is required before a septic system is built, altered, repaired or extended, and a system must be inspected and approved and the owner must hold a permit for operation before the system is used1415. Only 15.9% of Johnson County soils are rated without severe limits for a conventional drain field, so arrange the site evaluation early16. If public sewer is accessible within 300 feet of the building's sewer exit, connection is required instead of a new septic system17. Off-grid sanitation is not a way around wastewater rules: only Department-authorized premanufactured composting or incinerating toilets may be used, and other wastewater still requires compliant treatment or disposal7.
Can you live in an RV, mobile home or tiny home on your land in Johnson County?
Arkansas regulates parcels with at least 3 fee-based spaces for RVs, tiny houses on wheels or mobile homes as parks, requiring Department of Health plan approval before work begins918. Under that park rule, a tiny house on wheels is treated as a mobile home when plumbed and inspected under the Arkansas Plumbing Code and as an RV otherwise19. Separate state-park camping rules limit occupancy and camping units at state campsites, but they do not establish a rule for camping on private Johnson County land20. We could not confirm whether a single RV, mobile home or tiny home may be occupied long term on an unincorporated private lot, so ask the county government office before buying for that use12.
What are the steps to build a home in Johnson County, Arkansas?
- Ask the Johnson County government office to confirm the parcel is unincorporated and whether inspections, floodplain review or county-road access approval applies12.
- Design to the statewide Arkansas Fire Prevention Code even though unincorporated Johnson County does not require a county residential building permit21.
- Arrange a septic site evaluation early because only 15.9% of county soils are rated without severe limits for a conventional drain field16.
- Obtain the septic construction permit through the Johnson County Local Health Unit before system work begins614.
- Obtain an Arkansas Department of Transportation access permit before building a driveway onto a state highway10.
- An owner may build the owner's own residence without a residential-contractor license, limited to 1 residence per calendar year, but this does not waive codes, permits or inspections8.
What should you check before buying land in Johnson County, Arkansas?
Soils: only 15.9% of Johnson County's soils are rated free of severe limits for a conventional septic drain field, so get a site evaluation from the Johnson County Local Health Unit before you count on a standard system166. Federal land: about 48.3% of the county is federal land, mostly the Ozark-St. Francis National Forest, which limits how much private rural acreage is actually available and can affect access and neighboring land use21. Terrain and cover: 60.4% of the county sits at 15% slope or less, and 74.6% is wooded, so expect real clearing costs on a heavily timbered lot2223. Access: a driveway onto a state highway needs a permit from the Arkansas Department of Transportation before any work begins, and no comprehensive county driveway rule was found, so ask the county government office directly about a driveway onto a county road1012. Water and sewer: if a public sewer line is within 300 feet of where your sewer would exit a building, connecting to it is required instead of installing a septic system17. Zoning and permits: because no confirmed countywide zoning ordinance or building-permit program was found, verify current rules directly with Johnson County and with any nearby city before you finalize a purchase31. Taxes: Johnson County's effective property tax rate runs about 0.6%, with a median annual property tax bill around $7062425. Market: the typical home value is about $189,171 and farmland runs roughly $3,931 an acre2627.
Watch-outs
- Unincorporated Johnson County has no countywide zoning or county residential building-permit program, but ask the county government office whether inspections, floodplain review or access approval applies to your parcel1312.
- State rules regulate fee-based mobile-home and RV parks with 3 or more spaces, but we could not confirm whether a single RV, mobile home or tiny home may be occupied on an individual Johnson County lot912.
- About 48% of Johnson County is federal land in the Ozark-St. Francis National Forest, which can affect access to and around a private parcel; check federal boundaries before you buy21.
Sources
- Johnson County AR (county departments) (2026 county census)
- 2021 Arkansas Fire Prevention Code (Arkansas statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
- Johnson County AR (county departments) (2026 county census)
- Public Hearing Notice – City of Clarksville, quoted and re-checked
- Arkansas Department of Health Onsite Wastewater (2026 county census)
- Johnson County Local Health Unit (Arkansas Department of Health), Clarksville (healthy.arkansas.gov)
- Rules Pertaining to Onsite Wastewater Systems (2024), quoted and re-checked
- Home Improvement New Application, quoted and re-checked
- 20 CAR § 138-102. Compliance, quoted and re-checked
- Regulations: Rules for Access Driveways to State Highways (Arkansas statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
- Act 313 of the Regular Session, 2025, quoted and re-checked
- Johnson County Government (Clarksville) (portal.arkansas.gov)
- codeofarrules.arkansas.gov, quoted and re-checked
- codeofarrules.arkansas.gov, quoted and re-checked
- Rules Pertaining to Onsite Wastewater Systems (2024), quoted and re-checked
- Share of soils USDA rates "not limited" for a conventional septic drain field (SSURGO). A strict rating: the median county is about 6% and a tenth of counties are 0%, so a low figure means most lots need a site evaluation or an engineered system, not that septic is impossible. Cite it only with that caveat: Bolthole Index county data
- codeofarrules.arkansas.gov, quoted and re-checked
- codeofarrules.arkansas.gov, quoted and re-checked
- 20 CAR § 138-101. Definitions, quoted and re-checked
- 22 CAR § 50-108. Camping rules, fee collection, registration, and reservations, quoted and re-checked
- Federal land share: Bolthole Index county data
- Share of land at 15% slope or less: Bolthole Index county data
- Wooded share of land: Bolthole Index county data
- Effective property tax rate: Bolthole Index county data
- Median property tax bill: Bolthole Index county data
- Typical home value (Zillow): Bolthole Index county data
- Farmland value per acre (USDA census): Bolthole Index county data
Written October 10, 2026 from the rules quoted below, each taken from an official source and re-checked by an independent reviewer. This is research, not legal advice: rules change, so confirm with the office before you buy or build.