Bolthole Index

Dakota County, Minnesota

Building permits, zoning and septic rules in Dakota County, Minnesota

40Index Score / 100
#86 of 87 in Minnesota

In Dakota County, Minnesota, building permits come from the parcel’s city or township, which also sets ordinary zoning; Dakota County requires additional construction and septic-installation permits in designated township shoreland and floodplain areas123. Dakota County Environmental Resources handles septic regulation in Hastings, Randolph, New Trier, Randolph and Waterford townships, and county-regulated shoreland, floodplain and unincorporated areas; other cities and townships administer their own septic programs4.

At a glance

Building permit
Issued by the city or township; the county adds a separate shoreland and floodplain permit in designated township areas12
Zoning authority
Local rules vary; county shoreland and floodplain controls also apply in unincorporated townships56
Septic permits
County-run in the listed cities and townships and county-regulated shoreland, floodplain and unincorporated areas; otherwise locally administered4
Owner-builder
Residential-contractor licensing exemption for owners occupying the home or retaining it for rental; resale or speculation is excluded7
Wells
A county permit is required before constructing or reconstructing a well8
Driveway access
County approval applies to driveway work in county highway right-of-way9
County permit fees
Published for the county new-construction land-use process10

Who to call

Septic permits

Dakota County Environmental Resources Department

Septic (SSTS) permitting, inspections and compliance under County Ordinance 113 in Hastings, Randolph, New Trier, and Randolph and Waterford townships, and in unincorporated/shoreland areas countywide

952-891-7557

environ@co.dakota.mn.us

1590 Highway 55, Hastings, MN 55033

Floodplain permits

Dakota County Water Resources Department

Confirms whether a parcel falls within the County Shoreland Zoning and Floodplain Management Ordinance (County Ordinance 50); issues shoreland/floodplain permits

952-891-7000

1590 Highway 55, Hastings, MN 55033

Roads & driveways

Dakota County Transportation Department

Issues permits to construct a driveway, street or field approach onto the county highway system, and for utility or right-of-way work

952-891-7100

hwy@co.dakota.mn.us

1590 Highway 55, Hastings, MN 55033

Also useful

Dakota County Cities & Townships Directory (Office of the County Manager)

Directory of every city and township government in Dakota County; each one is the building and zoning authority for its own area

651-438-4418

countyadmin@co.dakota.mn.us

1590 Highway 55, Hastings, MN 55033

Contact details are copied from each office’s official page and were checked against it on October 11, 2026.

Off-grid gear

Going off-grid in Dakota County means bringing your own water and power. The kit we’d start with:

These are affiliate links — we may earn a commission, at no cost to you. As an Amazon Associate, Bolthole Index earns from qualifying purchases.

Do you need a building permit in Dakota County, Minnesota?

Dakota County building permits are issued by the parcel’s city or township, including for unincorporated township land; county shoreland and floodplain construction approval is additional12. Minnesota’s State Building Code governs covered construction, while qualifying agricultural buildings are excluded except for specified state-inspection provisions and skylight-support requirements1112. The county’s new-construction land-use application requires the total fee, house plans and septic-system design, and identifies the township building official as the construction inspector13. County land-use fees depend on structure type and value, and working without approval doubles that permit fee; ask the city or township separately for its building-permit fee schedule1014.

Who is the Dakota County building department, and how do you reach them?

The city or township where the parcel sits issues Dakota County building permits; use Dakota County’s Cities & Townships Directory to locate the local government115. Northfield, a city mainly in Rice County that reaches into Dakota County, requires building permits and inspections for covered construction16. Northfield administers septic regulation on its Dakota County land, subject to the county’s shoreland and floodplain exceptions17. For unincorporated township property, Dakota County Water Resources determines whether the county shoreland and floodplain ordinance applies; call 952-891-7000 before planning work in those areas1819.

Does Dakota County have zoning?

Every city and township in Dakota County holds land-use and zoning authority; county zoning adds shoreland and floodplain controls in designated areas of unincorporated townships520. Northfield, mainly in Rice County but extending into Dakota County, applies its own zoning inside city limits21. Northfield’s Dakota County septic program remains subject to the county exceptions17. County shoreland lot-area and width requirements vary by district, and only land above ordinary high water counts toward lot area22. All applicable shoreland setbacks must be met, township setbacks may be greater, and any required setback variance must precede use, septic or building approval2324. County shoreland impervious surface is capped at 25%, and structures generally cannot exceed 35 feet, with specified exceptions2526.

How do septic permits work in Dakota County?

Dakota County Environmental Resources regulates septic systems in Hastings, Randolph, New Trier, Randolph and Waterford townships, and county-regulated shoreland, floodplain and unincorporated areas; other cities and townships administer their own programs427. In county-regulated shoreland and floodplain, septic installation needs county approval in addition to township approval3. New and replacement septic systems require compliance inspections; a new system’s as-built inspection documents its final location, size and components2829. Building expansion, changes in use and property transfers can also trigger inspections, subject to ordinance exceptions30. Only about 13% of Dakota County soils rate “not limited” for a conventional drain field: arrange a site evaluation before fixing the house location, because a poor rating does not mean septic is impossible31.

Can you live in an RV or tiny home on your land in Dakota County?

We could not confirm a countywide allowance for residential RV use in Dakota County; ask the parcel’s city or township, which controls ordinary land use1. In county-regulated shoreland and floodplain, an RV is treated as a structure unless it has current highway-use licensing, remains highway-ready, uses quick-disconnect utilities and has no permanent structural additions32. New or replacement manufactured homes in county-regulated floodplain districts must meet elevation and anchoring requirements33. Minnesota requires tiny houses used as dwellings to meet the applicable residential code, while local zoning determines where they may go34. Ask the city or township whether the proposed tiny home is allowed; we could not confirm a distinct Dakota County occupancy rule.

Building a home in Dakota County: the steps, in order

  1. Identify the city or township and obtain its zoning, building-permit and fee requirements115.
  2. Ask Dakota County Water Resources whether county shoreland or floodplain controls apply1819.
  3. Identify the septic authority; where the county new-construction land-use application applies, submit house plans, septic design and the total fee together413.
  4. Obtain the local building permit and any county construction, septic-installation or floodplain development approval before work starts35336.
  5. Obtain a Dakota County permit before constructing or reconstructing a well8.
  6. Obtain county highway connection approval and any approval for work in county highway right-of-way379.
  7. Arrange construction and septic inspections, and obtain the building official’s required certificate of occupancy before moving into the home382939.

What to check before you buy land in Dakota County

Ask Dakota County Water Resources to identify the parcel’s shoreland or floodplain district before relying on an advertised buildable area1840. County floodplain approval can cover maintenance and repairs, fences, septic systems, temporary material storage and driveway culverts, as well as new buildings and fill36. Elevated or flood-proofed structures need professional certification of as-built elevations41. County shoreland and floodplain approvals also cover vegetation removal in the ordinance’s stated areas42. Confirm septic feasibility, local utility-connection requirements and a potable-water plan; a Dakota County permit is required before well construction or reconstruction48. Dakota County’s typical home value is about $402,628, and the median annual property-tax bill is about $3,6104344.

Watch-outs

  • Dakota County's shoreland and floodplain ordinance treats an RV as a structure unless it meets a narrow highway-ready exemption, and ordinary residential RV use still depends on local zoning3245.
  • A parcel near a Dakota County city can fall under that city's subdivision review even though a township handles its zoning, if the parcel is within the city's extraterritorial platting reach46.
  • Local zoning does not replace Dakota County's additional shoreland and floodplain controls in unincorporated townships4547.
  • An agricultural building's limited State Building Code exclusion does not establish an exemption from local zoning, septic, well, shoreland or floodplain approvals48.
  • The owner-builder exemption concerns residential-contractor licensing only; it does not remove building-permit, zoning, inspection or septic requirements7.

Sources

  1. Building and Zoning Permits, quoted and re-checked
  2. Building and Zoning Permits, quoted and re-checked
  3. Shoreland and Floodplain Management, quoted and re-checked
  4. Septic Systems, quoted and re-checked
  5. Building and Zoning Permits, quoted and re-checked
  6. Shoreland and Floodplain Management, quoted and re-checked
  7. revisor.mn.gov, quoted and re-checked
  8. County Ordinance 114 - Well and Water Supply Management, quoted and re-checked
  9. Highway Permits, quoted and re-checked
  10. Land Use Permit Application for New Construction with Subsurface Sewage Treatment System, quoted and re-checked
  11. Minnesota Statutes § 326B.121, State Building Code; Application and Enforcement, quoted and re-checked
  12. Minnesota Statutes § 326B.121, State Building Code; Application and Enforcement, quoted and re-checked
  13. Land Use Permit Application for New Construction with Subsurface Sewage Treatment System, quoted and re-checked
  14. Minnesota Building Code Adoption Guide (Minnesota statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
  15. Dakota County Cities & Townships Directory (Office of the County Manager) (dakotacountymn.gov)
  16. Northfield: Work Requiring A Permit (Dakota County), quoted and re-checked
  17. Northfield: City and Township Septic Contacts (Dakota County), quoted and re-checked
  18. Building and Zoning Permits, quoted and re-checked
  19. Dakota County Water Resources Department (dakotacountymn.gov)
  20. County Ordinance 50 — Shoreland and Floodplain Management, quoted and re-checked
  21. Northfield: Base Zoning Districts (Dakota County), quoted and re-checked
  22. Dakota County Shoreland and Floodplain Management Ordinance 50, quoted and re-checked
  23. Dakota County Shoreland and Floodplain Management Ordinance 50, quoted and re-checked
  24. Ordinance 50 — Shoreland and Floodplain Management, quoted and re-checked
  25. Dakota County Shoreland and Floodplain Management Ordinance 50, quoted and re-checked
  26. Dakota County Shoreland and Floodplain Management Ordinance 50, quoted and re-checked
  27. Dakota County Environmental Resources Department (dakotacountymn.gov)
  28. Ordinance 113 — Subsurface Sewage Treatment Systems, quoted and re-checked
  29. Septic Systems, quoted and re-checked
  30. Septic Systems, quoted and re-checked
  31. Share of soils USDA rates "not limited" for a conventional septic drain field (SSURGO). A strict rating: the median county is about 6% and a tenth of counties are 0%, so a low figure means most lots need a site evaluation or an engineered system, not that septic is impossible. Cite it only with that caveat: Bolthole Index county data
  32. Dakota County Shoreland and Floodplain Management Ordinance 50, quoted and re-checked
  33. Dakota County Shoreland and Floodplain Management Ordinance 50, quoted and re-checked
  34. Tiny Houses and the 2020 Minnesota Residential Code (Minnesota statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
  35. Land Use Permit Application for New Construction with Subsurface Sewage Treatment System, quoted and re-checked
  36. Dakota County Shoreland and Floodplain Management Ordinance 50, quoted and re-checked
  37. Highway Permit Policy, quoted and re-checked
  38. Land Use Permit Application for New Construction with Subsurface Sewage Treatment System, quoted and re-checked
  39. Minnesota Administrative Rules, Part 1300.0220 — Certificate of Occupancy (Minnesota statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
  40. Dakota County Shoreland and Floodplain Management Ordinance 50, quoted and re-checked
  41. Dakota County Shoreland and Floodplain Management Ordinance 50, quoted and re-checked
  42. Shoreland and Floodplain Management, quoted and re-checked
  43. Typical home value (Zillow): Bolthole Index county data
  44. Median property tax bill: Bolthole Index county data
  45. Building and Zoning Permits, quoted and re-checked
  46. 2025 Minnesota Statutes, Section 462.358: Official Controls: Subdivision Regulation; Dedication (Minnesota statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
  47. Ordinance 50 — Shoreland and Floodplain Management, quoted and re-checked
  48. Minnesota Statutes § 326B.121 — State Building Code; Application and Enforcement, quoted and re-checked

Written October 11, 2026 from the rules quoted below, each taken from an official source and re-checked by an independent reviewer. This is research, not legal advice: rules change, so confirm with the office before you buy or build.

Found land here? Start a Property Hunt →

Compared with neighboring counties

Like 5 of its 6 neighbors, Dakota County requires a building permit for a home.

RuleDakota CountyGoodhue CountyRamsey CountyScott CountyWashington CountyRice CountyHennepin County
Building permitRequiredRequiredRequiredRequiredLimitedRequiredRequired
County zoningYesYesNoYesYesYesNo
Septic permitsCounty Env. ResourcesCounty Land Use ManagementNot publishedCounty Env. ServicesCounty Dept. of Public Health & Env.County Env. HealthCounty Env. Health

County locator

Dakota County in Minnesota

40
County map
Dakota County highlighted among the Minnesota counties · colored by Index score

How Dakota County scores

Seclusion12100% ev.
Self-Sufficiency56100% ev.
Admin Boringness44100% ev.
Durability78100% ev.
Property Autonomy65100% ev.
Carry Cost55100% ev.

Evidence strength: 100%. This reports direct-source completeness and fallback use; it is separate from the score and is not a confidence interval. How it works →

$403kTypical home
1%Property tax
$8,295Land / acre
33"Annual rain
5.8% of yrsSevere drought
2.4 / yr (+2.3)Mid-century 100°F days
15.3 daysMid-century dry spell
1.74" (+4.5%)Mid-century 1-day rain
1.7×Wildfire change factor
100%Forward climate coverage
$2,379Home insurance / yr
2.7% / yrInsurance growth
0.51%Nonrenewal rate
county median (2+ published ZIPs)Insurance basis
523,536People within 30 min
5,094,120People within 2 hr
509,086Radius comparison (15 mi)
795.4People / sq mi
1.8%Federal land
94%Land at 15% slope or less
13.4%Soils rated "not limited" for septic (strict USDA rating)
38,202 acWorkable land screen
30.2%Wooded land
57.8 tonsBiomass / forest ac
45.4°FAvg temp

Scout Dakota County

Camp here before you commitBook a few nights nearby on Hipcamp →Already own land here?Earn money hosting campers — get $100 when you become a Hipcamp host →

Some links are affiliate or referral links — we may earn a commission, at no cost to you.

Property hunt

Find land. Bring the promising ones back.

Search live inventory elsewhere, then cost and vet each candidate here. No copied listings, account, or paid data feed.

View your full hunt →
ZillowLand & lotsRealtor.comLand listingsLandSearchRural & vacant land

Each button opens a current land search for Dakota County. Listing sites control their own results and filters.

Analyze a property
Add setup-cost allowances

Use rough quotes or placeholders. Blank fields count as $0.

Working estimate

—land + entered setup costs
Asking $ / acre
—
Setup allowance
—
All-in $ / acre
—

A planning estimate, not a valuation or contractor quote. The USDA benchmark includes farm land and buildings; it is context, not a parcel comp.

Before an offer

Parcel due diligence

0/8 checked

Saved properties and checklist progress stay on this device. Bolthole Index does not receive them.

Cities and towns in Dakota County

Inside a city, town or township here, that government usually sets zoning and may issue its own building permits; the county’s rules above cover land outside them.

Not yet researched: Castle Rock Township · Coates · Douglas Township · Farmington · Greenvale Township · Hampton · Hampton Township · Lilydale · Marshan Township · Mendota · Miesville · New Trier · Nininger Township · Randolph · Ravenna Township · Sciota Township · South St. Paul · Sunfish Lake · Vermillion · Vermillion Township · Waterford Township

Answers from the rulebook for Dakota County

What the ordinances and state agencies actually say — one answer per question, each quoted from the official source and independently re-checked.

Dakota County rules

  • Building permitLimited

    Construction, grading, filling, or vegetation removal on land near public waters or within FEMA-designated floodplain under County Ordinance 50.

    • The county permit requirement is limited to designated shoreland and floodplain jurisdiction.
    • A city or township building permit may also be required.
    “County Ordinance 50 – Shoreland and Floodplain Management requires permits for any construction, grading, filling, or removal of vegetation on land near public waters of the state and the landward extent of Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) designated floodplain.”
    2 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Required — New construction activity covered by Dakota County's land-use permit application in applicable unincorporated areas.
      “A permit must be obtained before beginning any construction activity.”
    • Required — Construction near state public waters and within the landward extent of FEMA-designated floodplain subject to County Ordinance 50.
      “County Ordinance 50 – Shoreland and Floodplain Management requires permits for any construction, grading, filling, or removal of vegetation on land near public waters of the state and the landward extent of Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) designated floodplain.”
  • InspectionsRequired

    Building construction under Dakota County's new-construction land-use permit process.

    • The application states that the township building official performs the inspection.
    • Municipal inspection arrangements may differ within incorporated cities.
    “All building construction must be inspected by the township building official.”
  • County-wide zoningPresent (with conditions)

    Shoreland and floodplain zoning in the 13 unincorporated townships of Dakota County.

    • Applies to shoreland and floodplain areas, not countywide general zoning.
    • Additional municipal or township controls may apply.
    • County Ordinance 50 was amended June 9, 2026.
    “This ordinance applies to shoreland and floodplain areas located in the 13 unincorporated townships of Dakota County, Minnesota*.”
    2 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Present (with conditions) — County zoning controls in shoreland and floodplain areas of Dakota County's 13 unincorporated townships.
      “This ordinance applies to shoreland and floodplain areas located in the 13 unincorporated townships of Dakota County, Minnesota*.”
    • Present (with conditions) — Shoreland and floodplain in Dakota County's 13 unincorporated townships.
      “Through County Ordinance 50 - Shoreland and Floodplain Management, the county regulates shoreland and floodplain in the 13 unincorporated townships of Dakota County.”
  • Local zoningVaries (with conditions)

    Aggregate of municipal and township land-use authority throughout Dakota County.

    • All cities and townships hold land-use and zoning authority.
    • The county administers additional shoreland and floodplain controls in designated township areas.
    • This aggregate claim does not imply that the county administers each municipal or township ordinance.
    “All cities and townships in Dakota County have land use and zoning authority.”
    2 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Varies (with conditions) — Aggregate county conclusion concerning municipal and township zoning authority.
      “All cities and townships in Dakota County have land use and zoning authority. Building permits are issued by the city or township. Additional county permits are required in townships within designated shoreland and floodplain.”
    • Varies (with conditions) — Countywide aggregate of incorporated-city and township land-use and zoning authority.
      “All cities and townships in Dakota County have land use and zoning authority. Building permits are issued by the city or township. Additional county permits are required in townships within designated shoreland and floodplain.”
  • Zoning districtsPublished (with conditions)

    County shoreland and floodplain zoning districts under Ordinance 50.

    • The published ordinance establishes shoreland land-use districts and Floodway, Flood Fringe, and General Floodplain Districts.
    • The county ordinance applies within its stated unincorporated-township and designated-area jurisdiction.
    • Municipal and township zoning districts are administered separately.
    “SECTION 15.00 SHORELAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM AND LAND USE DISTRICTS [...] SECTION 19.00 CLASSIFICATION OF FLOODPLAIN DISTRICTS”
  • Minimum lot sizeSpecified

    Properties within Dakota County shoreland areas governed by Ordinance 50.

    • Table 5 supplies required lot specifications.
    • Duplexes require twice the minimum lot size and double the minimum lot width for single-family dwellings.
    • Maximum residential density must be consistent with township zoning ordinances.
    “Minimum lot size (sq. ft.) 40,000 80,000* 87,120 174,240 80,000 80,000 N/A 80,000”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Specified — Residential lots in the shoreland classification districts listed in Table 5 of Ordinance 50.
      “The lot minimum area (in square feet) and minimum lot width standards (in lineal feet) for residential lots created after the date of enactment of this ordinance for the lake and river/stream classifications are as set forth in the tables provided.”
  • SetbacksSpecified

    Properties within Dakota County shoreland and floodplain areas governed by Ordinance 50.

    • Table 5 contains required setback specifications.
    • A variance from setback requirements must be obtained before any use, SSTS, or building permit is issued for a lot.
    “Township setbacks may be greater. Check with your township for setback information.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
  • Lot coverageSpecified

    Impervious surface coverage in the shoreland districts governed by Ordinance 50.

    • The maximum impervious surface is 25 percent in each Table 5 district.
    • The ordinance uses impervious surface rather than a general building-footprint lot-coverage metric.

    maximum impervious surface: <= 25 percent

    “Not more than 25% of the lot shall be an impervious surface.”
  • Building heightSpecified

    Structures in river and lake classification areas governed by Ordinance 50.

    • Structures generally cannot exceed 35 feet.
    • Barns, silos, and other buildings necessary for commercial agricultural uses are exempt.
    • Except for the Cannon River, places of worship are exempt.
    • The ordinance references Minnesota Rule 6106.0180 for MRCCA height exemptions.

    maximum structure height: <= 35 feet (Commercial agricultural buildings and, except for the Cannon River, places of worship; see Minnesota Rule 6106.0180 for MRCCA exemptions)

    “Structures located in all river or lake classification areas cannot exceed 35 feet in height.”
  • Living in an RVLimited

    Recreational vehicles and appurtenant structures in shoreland and floodplain areas governed by Ordinance 50.

    • RVs are treated as structures and must comply with section 19.03 unless exempt.
    • The exemption applies only on individual lots or parcels of record or existing commercial RV parks or campgrounds.
    • The RV must have current highway-use licenses, be highway-ready, use quick-disconnect campground-type utilities, and have no permanent structural additions.
    • Decks, porches, garages, sheds, storage buildings, and other structural or accessory additions are prohibited.
    “Recreational vehicles and appurtenant structures are treated as structures and must be placed in accordance with section 19.03.”
  • Manufactured homesLimited

    New or replacement manufactured homes in floodplain districts governed by Ordinance 50.

    • Placement is treated as a new structure.
    • The home may be placed only if elevated in compliance with section 19.03.
    • All manufactured homes must be securely anchored to an adequately anchored foundation system.
    • State and local anchoring requirements also apply.
    “The placement of new or replacement manufactured homes on individual lots of record or in manufactured home parks that are located in floodplain districts will be treated as a new structure and may be placed only if elevated in compliance with section 19.03 of this ordinance.”
  • Who permits septicMixed (with conditions)

    Subsurface sewage treatment systems throughout Dakota County.

    • The county regulates Hastings, Randolph, New Trier, Randolph Township, Waterford Township, shoreland/floodplain areas, and unincorporated portions.
    • Other cities and townships administer their own programs under local ordinances at least as strict as County Ordinance 113.
    • MPCA permits apply to systems requiring state disposal-system permits, including qualifying systems over 10,000 gallons per day.

    state disposal permit threshold: > 10000 gallons per day (A state permit may also be required when the commissioner determines there is adverse public-health potential.)

    “Each city and township in Dakota County (except the cities of Randolph, New Trier and Hastings and Waterford and Randolph townships) is responsible for their own administration, permitting, inspections and enforcement of their septic ordinance and program.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Mixed (with conditions) — Septic-system regulation across Dakota County.
      “Each city and township in Dakota County (except the cities of Randolph, New Trier and Hastings and Waterford and Randolph townships) is responsible for their own administration, permitting, inspections and enforcement of their septic ordinance and program.”
  • Septic permitRequired

    Septic-system installations in the county's shoreland/floodplain jurisdiction.

    • Applies in the 13 unincorporated townships subject to County Ordinance 50.
    • County permits are in addition to township permits.
    “In addition to township permits, county permits are required for: Construction activities; Grading and filling; Septic system installations; Removal of vegetation within 300 feet from rivers and 1,000 feet from lakes, including the Spring Lake on the Mississippi River, the Cannon River, and any land located in floodplain areas.”
  • Septic inspectionRequired

    Newly installed septic systems and specified compliance events in Dakota County.

    • All newly installed systems require an as-built compliance inspection by a certified or licensed inspector.
    • Compliance inspections may be triggered by building expansion, changes in use, property transfer, or other Ordinance 113 events.
    • Property-transfer exceptions include a new system under five years old with a passing inspection or an older system with a passing inspection within three years.
    “All newly installed septic systems must be inspected by a certified inspector. An "as-built" compliance inspection consisting of a drawing and documentation on an inspection form specifying the final, in-place location, size and type of all septic system components is required for newly installed systems.”
    2 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Required — SSTS compliance inspections under Dakota County Ordinance 113.
      “All newly installed septic systems must be inspected by a certified inspector.”
    • Required — All newly installed septic systems in Dakota County.
      “All newly installed septic systems must be inspected by a certified inspector. An "as-built" compliance inspection consisting of a drawing and documentation on an inspection form specifying the final, in-place location, size and type of all septic system components is required for newly installed systems.”
  • Well permitRequired

    Construction or reconstruction of a well under Dakota County Ordinance 114.

    • A complete application and permit must be obtained before work begins.
    • A permit is not required for a well repair as defined by the ordinance; all non-permitted work must comply with applicable law.
    • Emergency construction or sealing has notification and post-notification application requirements.
    “A property owner, the property owner's agent, or the designated well contractor must submit a complete permit application and obtain a permit from the department for the construction or reconstruction of a well. The permit must be obtained prior to the commencement of any work.”
  • Driveway accessRequired

    Constructing an approach or access connection, such as a driveway, street, or field entrance, to the Dakota County highway system.

    • A Dakota County permit is required before the county highway connection is constructed.
    • Fees will be charged where applicable, prior to issuing permits.
    • The rule applies to connections to the county highway system; the page does not state that it governs connections to roads outside that system.
    “Dakota County requires a permit for the following: To construct an approach or access connection, such as a driveway, street or field entrance, to the county highway system.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Limited — Work on or around Dakota County highway right-of-way, including driveway-related work within that right-of-way.
      “Dakota County requires permits for oversize and weight vehicles, special events, or for work on and around county highway right of way.”
  • Building in a floodplainRequired

    Development and specified land or structure activities within Floodway, Flood Fringe, or General Floodplain Districts shown on Dakota County's official zoning map or attachments in the county's unincorporated townships.

    • A floodplain permit must be obtained from the zoning administrator before the activity begins.
    • Failure to obtain the permit is a violation of the ordinance.
    • The requirement covers erection, addition, modification, rehabilitation, including normal maintenance and repair, or alteration of any building, structure, or portion thereof.
    • The requirement covers a use or change of use of a building, structure, or land.
    • The requirement covers construction of a dam, fence, or SSTS.
    • The requirement covers change or extension of a nonconforming use.
    • The requirement covers repair of a structure damaged by flood, fire, tornado, or another act.
    • The requirement covers placement of fill, excavation of materials, or temporary storage of materials or equipment within the floodplain.
    • The requirement covers installation of culverts for public or private roadways, field crossings, or private driveways.
    • The ordinance applies to floodplain areas in the 13 unincorporated townships; incorporated municipalities may administer their own applicable rules.
    • Other applicable local, state, and federal regulations also apply.
    “County Ordinance 50 – Shoreland and Floodplain Management requires permits for any construction, grading, filling, or removal of vegetation on land near public waters of the state and the landward extent of Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) designated floodplain.​ [...] Additional county permits are required in townships within designated shoreland and floodplain.​”
    3 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Required — Construction, grading, filling, or vegetation removal in designated shoreland or FEMA floodplain areas in Dakota County townships.
      “County Ordinance 50 – Shoreland and Floodplain Management requires permits for any construction, grading, filling, or removal of vegetation on land near public waters of the state and the landward extent of Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) designated floodplain.”
    • Required — Construction activities, grading/filling, septic installations, and vegetation removal in the County Ordinance 50 shoreland and floodplain jurisdiction in the 13 unincorporated townships.
      “Through County Ordinance 50 - Shoreland and Floodplain Management, the county regulates shoreland and floodplain in the 13 unincorporated townships of Dakota County. In addition to township permits, county permits are required for: Construction activities; Grading and filling; Septic system installations; Removal of vegetation within 300 feet from rivers and 1,000 feet from lakes, including the Spring Lake on the Mississippi River, the Cannon River, and any land located in floodplain areas.”
    • Required — New structures and land uses in Floodway, Flood Fringe, and General Floodplain Districts shown on the official zoning map or FEMA flood maps.
      “No new structure or land shall hereafter be used and no structure shall be located, extended, converted, repaired, maintained or structurally altered without full compliance with the applicable terms of this ordinance and other applicable regulations that apply to uses within the jurisdiction of this ordinance.”
  • Permit feesPublished

    Dakota County new-construction land-use permit application for structures with septic systems.

    • Fees are based on structure type and value.
    • Working without a permit doubles the permit fee.

    single family dwelling permit fee: 152 USD (structure value $1-$30,000) · duplex permit fee: 161 USD (structure value $30,001-$40,000) · mobile home permit fee: 186 USD (structure value $40,001-$50,000) · house permit fee: 204 USD (structure value $50,001-$100,000) · pole building permit fee: 410 USD (structure value $100,001-$200,000) · basement permit fee: 610 USD (structure value $200,001 and above) · slab on grade agricultural building permit fee: 65 USD (structure type) · unpermitted-work fee multiplier: 2 times permit fee (working without a permit)

    “Single Family Dwelling $1.00 - $30,000 $152”
  • Permit processPartial

    County and local permit process information published by Dakota County.

    • City or township applicants must contact the city or township for building permits.
    • Township applicants must contact Water Resources to determine whether County Ordinance 50 applies.
    • County Ordinance 50 permits apply to designated shoreland and floodplain areas.
    “For property in a township, call the township in which the property is located. In addition, call the Dakota County Water Resources Department at 952-891-7000 to determine if the property is within the jurisdictional authority of the County Shoreland Zoning and Floodplain Management Ordinance. If so, county permits could be required.”
    2 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Published — Dakota County new-construction land-use permit process involving a subsurface sewage treatment system.
      “Total permit fee, house plans and septic system design must accompany this application.”
    • Published (with conditions) — County well construction or reconstruction permit applications under Ordinance 114.
      “Permit applications shall be submitted to the department on current forms provided by the department. Applicants shall provide all information as required for the administration of this ordinance. The permit application must contain all required signatures.”

Minnesota rules that apply here

  • Owner-builder exemptionAvailable (with conditions)

    An owner of residential real estate building or improving residential real estate in Dakota County, to the extent the state residential-contractor licensing exemption applies.

    • The owner must occupy or intend to occupy the residential real estate for residential purposes, or retain ownership for rental purposes after completion.
    • The exemption does not apply when the owner constructs or improves residential real estate for resale or speculation.
    • An owner is presumed to be building or improving for speculation if the owner constructs or improves more than one property within any 24-month period, unless the properties will be retained for rental purposes.
    • This is an exemption from the state residential-contractor licensing requirement, not an exemption from applicable building permits, zoning, inspections, septic, or other requirements.

    speculation presumption threshold: >= 2 properties within 24 months (The presumption does not apply if the properties will be retained by the owner for rental purposes.)

    “The license requirement does not apply to: [...] (3) an owner of residential real estate who builds or improves residential real estate if the owner occupies”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Available (with conditions) — An owner of residential real estate who personally builds or improves residential real estate, as an exemption from the residential contractor licensing requirement.
      “The license requirement does not apply to: [...] an owner of residential real estate who builds or improves residential real estate”
  • Building code adoptedAdopted (with conditions)

    Construction, reconstruction, alteration, repair, and use of buildings and other structures of the type governed by the Minnesota State Building Code throughout Minnesota.

    • The State Building Code supersedes the building code of any municipality.
    • The State Building Code does not apply to agricultural buildings except for the state inspections and rulemaking identified in Minnesota Statutes section 326B.121, subdivision 1, paragraph (c), clause (1), and the structural-support requirement for translucent panels or other skylights without raised curbs in clause (2).
    • The 2020 Minnesota State Building Code is effective March 31, 2020, except the Minnesota Mechanical Fuel Gas Code, which is effective April 6, 2020.
    • Municipal enforcement generally requires adoption by local ordinance, subject to statutory requirements for certain municipalities and statutory enforcement responsibilities where no adoption ordinance is in effect.
    • The 2024 Minnesota Commercial Energy Code is effective January 5, 2024.
    • Requirements for adult changing stations are effective August 15, 2025, and requirements for window-cleaning safety features are effective November 7, 2025, according to the Department of Labor and Industry update page.

    2020 Minnesota State Building Code effective date: 2020-03-31 (Minnesota Mechanical Fuel Gas Code effective 2020-04-06) · 2024 Minnesota Commercial Energy Code effective date: 2024-01-05 · Adult changing station supplement effective date: 2025-08-15 · Window-cleaning safety feature supplement effective date: 2025-11-07

    “(a) The State Building Code is the standard that applies statewide for the construction, reconstruction, alteration, repair, and use of buildings and other structures of the type governed by the code.”
    2 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Adopted — Construction, reconstruction, alteration, repair, and use of buildings governed by the Minnesota State Building Code.
      “Subject to paragraphs (c) and (d) and sections 326B.101 to 326B.194, the commissioner shall by rule and in consultation with the Construction Codes Advisory Council establish a code of standards for the construction, reconstruction, alteration, and repair of buildings”
    • Adopted (with conditions) — Buildings and structures of the type governed by the Minnesota State Building Code, including those in Dakota County.
      “The State Building Code is the standard that applies statewide for the construction, reconstruction, alteration, repair, and use of buildings and other structures of the type governed by the code.”
  • Certificate of occupancyLimited

    Use or occupancy of buildings and structures, and changes in existing occupancy classification, in Minnesota jurisdictions administering and enforcing the State Building Code.

    • A building or structure may not be used or occupied, and an existing occupancy classification may not be changed, until the building official issues a certificate of occupancy under Minnesota Rules part 1300.0220.
    • The rule applies through the building official and therefore depends on the relevant jurisdiction administering and enforcing the State Building Code.
    • Issuance of a certificate of occupancy is not approval of a violation of the code or other municipal ordinances; a certificate purporting to authorize violation or cancellation of those requirements is invalid.
    • A municipality has the option of requiring certificates of occupancy for U occupancies constructed under the International Building Code, accessory structures constructed under the International Residential Code, and used manufactured homes moved into or within a jurisdiction.
    • Legal occupancy of a structure existing on the date of code adoption may continue without change.
    • A temporary certificate may be issued before all permitted work is complete if the occupied portion can be occupied safely; the building official sets its validity period.

    optional certificate category: U occupancies constructed under the International Building Code (municipality has the option of requiring a certificate) · optional certificate category: accessory structures constructed under the International Residential Code (municipality has the option of requiring a certificate) · optional certificate category: used manufactured homes moved into or within a jurisdiction (municipality has the option of requiring a certificate)

    “No building or structure shall be used or occupied, and no change in the existing occupancy classification of a building, structure, or portion of a building or structure shall be made until the building official has issued a certificate of occupancy for the building or structure under this part.”
  • Camping on your landLimited

    Private or public areas accommodating five or more tents or recreational camping vehicles on a daily, nightly, weekly, or longer basis

    • An annual license from the Minnesota Department of Health is required before establishing, maintaining, conducting, or operating a recreational camping area.
    • The license requires application, payment of the statutory fee, and approval for operation including plan review.
    • A recreational camping area excludes children's camps, industrial camps, migrant labor camps, United States Forest Service camps, state forest service camps, qualifying state wildlife-management or state-owned public-access areas, qualifying temporary holding areas adjacent to motorsports facilities, and a privately owned area used by a private club no more than once annually and no longer than seven consecutive days.
    • A special event recreational camping area operates no more than two times annually and for no more than 14 consecutive days.
    • The statute does not resolve local zoning or land-use requirements.

    minimum accommodated tents or recreational camping vehicles: >= 5 units (Statutory exclusions apply.) · special event operating frequency: <= 2 times annually (Special event recreational camping area.) · special event duration: <= 14 consecutive days (Special event recreational camping area.) · annual license base fee for recreational camping area with 24 or fewer sites: 100 USD (Additional $8 per licensed site; special event areas are excluded from that per-site paragraph.) · annual license base fee for recreational camping area with 25 to 99 sites: 410 USD (Additional $8 per licensed site; special event areas are excluded from that per-site paragraph.) · annual license base fee for recreational camping area with 100 or more sites: 610 USD (Additional $8 per licensed site; special event areas are excluded from that per-site paragraph.)

    “"Recreational camping area" means any area, whether privately or publicly owned, used on a daily, nightly, weekly, or longer basis for the accommodation of five or more tents or recreational camping vehicles free of charge or for compensation. [...] "Special event recreational camping area" means a recreational camping area which operates no more than two times annually and for no more than 14 consecutive days. [...] No person, firm or corporation shall establish, maintain, conduct or operate a manufactured home park or recreational camping area within this state without first obtaining an annual license from the state Department of Health.”
  • Tiny homesLimited

    Construction and residential use of tiny houses statewide, subject to the Minnesota State Building Code and applicable municipal zoning ordinances.

    • The Minnesota State Building Code applies statewide to construction of buildings, including tiny houses.
    • Municipal zoning ordinances vary by municipality and regulate land use, location, height, width, foundation type, number of stories, and building size.
    • The jurisdiction must be consulted for local zoning specifics.
    • Tiny houses used as dwelling units must comply with the Minnesota Residential Code unless otherwise stated in Appendix Q.
    • A tiny house is a dwelling of 400 square feet or less in floor area, excluding lofts.
    • Applicable requirements include light, ventilation, heating, minimum room sizes, ceiling heights, sanitation, toilet, bath and shower spaces, emergency escape and rescue openings, means of egress, smoke alarms, and carbon monoxide alarms.

    maximum tiny-house floor area: <= 400 square feet (lofts excluded) · minimum habitable-space and hallway ceiling height: >= 6.67 feet (6 feet 8 inches) · minimum bathroom, toilet-room, and kitchen ceiling height: >= 6.33 feet (6 feet 4 inches)

    “The Minnesota State Building Code is the standard of construction that applies statewide for the construction of buildings (MS 326B.121) including tiny houses.”
  • Accessory dwellingsLimited

    Temporary family health care dwellings used as a narrow accessory residential dwelling category statewide, where the municipality has not opted out of Minnesota Statutes § 462.3593.

    • The dwelling must be primarily assembled away from its installation site, be no more than 300 gross square feet, lack a permanent foundation, meet state-recognized accessibility standards, provide water and electric utilities, use compatible exterior materials, have at least R-15 insulation, be transportable by the specified truck types, comply with Minnesota Rules chapter 1360 or 1361 with the required seal and data plate or ANSI Code 119.2, and have a backflow check valve.
    • A caregiver or relative must apply for a municipal temporary dwelling permit with the required signatures and documentation, including provider-network proof, medical certification, septic-service documentation, adjacent-owner notice affidavit, and a site map.
    • The dwelling must be on property where the caregiver or relative resides, comply with setbacks and applicable floor-area-ratio limits, and permit safe and timely access for septic services and emergency vehicles.
    • Occupancy is limited to one identified mentally or physically impaired person, and only one temporary family health care dwelling is allowed per lot.
    • The dwelling must comply with applicable state law, local ordinances, and charter provisions unless otherwise provided.
    • The initial permit lasts six months and may be renewed once for an additional six months.
    • The municipality may inspect, revoke the permit for violations, and require removal within 60 days after revocation.
    • Unless otherwise provided by ordinance, the municipality may charge up to $100 for the initial permit and up to $50 for renewal.
    • The municipality may opt out of the statutory requirements by ordinance.

    maximum dwelling area: <= 300 gross square feet · initial permit term: 6 months (renewable once for an additional six months) · maximum initial permit fee: <= 100 USD (unless otherwise provided by ordinance) · maximum renewal permit fee: <= 50 USD (unless otherwise provided by ordinance) · maximum occupants: 1 person (occupant must be a mentally or physically impaired person) · maximum dwellings per lot: 1 dwelling

    “A temporary family health care dwelling that meets the requirements of this section cannot be prohibited by a local ordinance that regulates accessory uses or recreational vehicle parking or storage.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Limited — Accessory dwelling units statewide, including conversion of a structure into an ADU, subject to local zoning and Minnesota residential building-code requirements.
      “Local zoning ordinances dictate if a tiny home or accessory dwelling unit (ADU) is allowed on the property.”
  • Off-grid sanitationLimited

    Primitive dwellings using toilet-waste treatment devices in low dwelling-density areas, and privies governed by Minnesota SSTS rules.

    • Septage disposal by the owner must follow local ordinances.
    • If no local ordinance exists, septage must not be discharged to surface waters, drainageways, steeply sloping areas, or wet areas in a manner or volume harmful to the environment or public health or that creates a nuisance.
    • Material must be buried or covered with soil.
    • If site conditions do not meet the rule, solids disposal must be performed under the applicable rule by a licensed maintenance business.
    • Privy solids must be removed when the privy is filled to one-half capacity.
    • Abandoned pits must have sewage solids and contaminated soil removed and be filled with clean earth and slightly mounded.

    privy solids removal threshold: 50 percent capacity

    “For primitive dwellings using toilet waste treatment devices in low dwelling density areas, septage disposal from these devices by the owner must be in accordance with local ordinances. If no ordinance exists, the septage must not be discharged to surface waters, drainageways, steeply sloping areas, or wet areas in a manner or volume that is harmful to the environment or public health or that creates a nuisance. The material must be buried or covered with soil.”
  • Agricultural exemptionAvailable (with conditions)

    Agricultural buildings statewide that meet the definition in Minnesota Statutes § 326B.103, subdivision 3.

    • The structure must be on agricultural land as determined by the governing assessor for the municipality or county under section 273.13, subdivision 23.
    • The structure must be designed, constructed, and used to house farm implements, livestock, or agricultural products under section 273.13, subdivision 23.
    • The building must be used by the owner, lessee, and sublessee and members of their immediate families, employees, and persons engaged in pickup or delivery of agricultural products.
    • The State Building Code does not apply except with respect to state inspections required or rulemaking authorized by sections 103F.141, 216C.19, subdivision 9, and 326B.36.
    • Translucent panels or other skylights without raised curbs must be supported to have equivalent load-bearing capacity as the surrounding roof.
    “The State Building Code is the standard that applies statewide for the construction, reconstruction, alteration, repair, and use of buildings and other structures of the type governed by the code. [...] (c) The State Building Code does not apply to agricultural buildings except: (1) with respect to state inspections required or rulemaking authorized by sections 103F.141; 216C.19, subdivision 9; and 326B.36; and (2) translucent panels or other skylights without raised curbs shall be supported to have equivalent load-bearing capacity as the surrounding roof.”
    2 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Available (with conditions) — Agricultural buildings subject to the Minnesota State Building Code.
      “(c) The State Building Code does not apply to agricultural buildings except:”
    • Conditional — Agricultural buildings under the Minnesota State Building Code, including buildings in Dakota County.
      “The State Building Code does not apply to agricultural buildings except: (1) with respect to state inspections required or rulemaking authorized by sections 103F.141; 216C.19, subdivision 9; and 326B.36; and (2) translucent panels or other skylights without raised curbs shall be supported to have equivalent load-bearing capacity as the surrounding roof.”
  • Subdividing landRegulated (with conditions)

    Subdivision regulation by Minnesota municipalities that adopt subdivision regulations under Minnesota Statutes section 462.358.

    • A municipality may adopt subdivision regulations by ordinance; the statute does not establish one uniform ordinance applicable to every municipality.
    • Regulations may apply only to certain classes or kinds of subdivisions and must be uniform for each class or kind.
    • A municipality may extend its subdivision regulations to unincorporated territory within two miles of its limits, subject to the statutory exception for towns that have adopted subdivision regulations.
    • Regulations may address lot size, location, grading, improvements, utilities, site planning, floodplains, shorelands, soils, water, vegetation, energy, air quality, and geologic and ecological features.
    • Regulations may prohibit certain classes or kinds of subdivisions when consistent with the comprehensive plan and statutory purposes.
    • All subdivisions creating five or more lots or parcels that are 2-1/2 acres or less in size must be platted when subject to the municipal subdivision regulations.

    municipal extension distance: <= 2 miles (Unincorporated territory; not in a town which has adopted subdivision regulations.) · mandatory platting threshold: >= 5 lots or parcels (Each lot or parcel is 2-1/2 acres or less in size.) · maximum parcel size for mandatory platting: <= 2.5 acres (Applies to subdivisions creating five or more lots or parcels.)

    “a municipality may by ordinance adopt subdivision regulations establishing standards, requirements, and procedures for the review and approval or disapproval of subdivisions.”
  • county zoning authorityLimited

    County planning and zoning authority over unincorporated areas of Minnesota.

    • The authority applies to a county having less than 300,000 population according to the 1950 federal census.
    • The statute authorizes county planning and zoning activities generally within the qualifying counties; it does not identify a separate unincorporated-area limitation in this section.
    • Except as otherwise provided, a county regardless of population must not enact, amend, or enforce an ordinance eliminating or terminating a lawful use by amortization.
    • The amortization prohibition does not apply to adults-only bookstores, adults-only theaters, or similar adults-only businesses as defined by ordinance.
    • The amortization subdivision does not prohibit nuisance-prevention or nuisance-abatement enforcement or elimination of a use determined to be a public nuisance without payment of compensation.

    population threshold: < 300000 persons (According to the 1950 federal census)

    “having less than 300,000 population according to the 1950 federal census is authorized to carry on county planning and zoning activities.”
  • county building authorityGeneral

    Minnesota counties may administer and enforce the State Building Code within their jurisdiction by ordinance; this includes a county's authority over residential construction in unincorporated county territory, subject to the statutory limits on code application and local provisions.

    • The statutory authorization is to administer and enforce the State Building Code, rather than a county-specific building code.
    • A county that is not already required by Minnesota Statutes § 326B.121, subdivision 2(a), to administer and enforce the code may elect to do so by ordinance.
    • The State Building Code applies statewide to construction, reconstruction, alteration, repair, and use of buildings and structures governed by the code.
    • The State Building Code does not apply to agricultural buildings except for state inspections or rulemaking authorized by Minnesota Statutes §§ 103F.141, 216C.19, subdivision 9, and 326B.36, and except that translucent panels or other skylights without raised curbs must have equivalent load-bearing capacity as the surrounding roof.
    • A municipality may not require building-code provisions regulating structural components or systems that differ from the State Building Code; with state building official approval, it may adopt a more restrictive ordinance where geological conditions warrant it.
    • A municipality may enforce the State Building Code through lawful means, including contracts with other municipalities or qualified individuals; building-permit fees may be retained or remitted to reimburse them.
    “If a municipality is not required by paragraph (a) to administer and enforce the State Building Code, the municipality may choose to administer and enforce the State Building Code within its jurisdiction by adopting the code by ordinance.”

Set by your town or city, not the county

In Minnesota, zoning is adopted by each town or city, so Dakota County has no county-wide answer on these. Find your town or city in the list of places on this page, or call its clerk or zoning administrator.

  • Minimum dwelling size
  • Short-term rentals

Still unanswered

We looked and could not find an official answer yet. Silence is not permission — ask the county directly.

  • Mandatory utility hookup — Required connection to public water or sewer utilities.

Each answer was extracted from an official source and independently re-checked against that source by a second reviewer. That is an evidence check, not legal advice. Rules change; confirm with the authority before you buy or build.

Living off-grid in Dakota County, Minnesota

Is Dakota County a good place to live off-grid or homestead?

Dakota County scores 40/100 on the Bolthole Index, a marginal county profile. Its strengths: 19 operating mines and a stronger property-autonomy legal backdrop. Watch-outs: about 523,536 people within a 30-minute drive.

Do you need a building permit in Dakota County, Minnesota?

Dakota County generally requires a residential building permit, and it enforces county zoning. Onsite septic is permitted by Dakota County Environmental Resources (County Ordinance 113 SSTS, under MPCA Minnesota Rule 7080). Owner-builders may act as their own contractor to build their home. These answers are quoted from official sources and independently re-checked. Rules change and cities within the county differ — always confirm with the county before you buy or build.

Can you live in an RV or tiny home on your land in Dakota County?

Living in an RV on your own land in Dakota County is limited to specific cases: Recreational vehicles and appurtenant structures in shoreland and floodplain areas governed by Ordinance 50. RVs are treated as structures and must comply with section 19.03 unless exempt. The exemption applies only on individual lots or parcels of record or existing commercial RV parks or campgrounds. A tiny home is limited to specific cases. Confirm with the county before relying on it.

How much does land cost in Dakota County, Minnesota?

Land in Dakota County runs about $8,295 per acre, based on the latest county data.

What is the water situation in Dakota County?

Dakota County gets about 33" of rain a year, with severe drought in roughly 5.8% of years.

How remote is Dakota County?

A representative private-land location has about 523,536 people within a 30-minute drive and 5,094,120 within two hours. The road-network catchments count population across county lines and clusters of smaller cities; straight-line radius values remain available as a comparison.

How Dakota compares in Minnesota

Compare side-by-side →See all 87 Minnesota counties ranked →