Bolthole Index

Treasure County, Montana

Building permits, zoning and land rules in Treasure County, Montana

59Index Score / 100
#30 of 56 in Montana

In Treasure County, Montana, a single-family home generally does not need a state building permit unless a local jurisdiction requires one, but covered projects need a permit before construction starts12. Unincorporated Treasure County has no countywide zoning; Hysham is a separate jurisdiction3. The county health department issues the required septic drainfield permit, including for lots with state subdivision sanitation approval45.

At a glance

Building permit
A single-family home generally does not need a state permit unless a local jurisdiction requires one; covered work needs a state permit before construction12
Zoning
No countywide zoning in unincorporated Treasure County; Hysham is a separate jurisdiction3
Septic permits
The county health department requires and issues drainfield permits, even for lots with state subdivision approval45
Owner-builder
Exempt from Montana contractor licensing when working on your own property, subject to conditions67
Well / water permit
Beneficial Water Use Permit generally required over 35 gpm or 10 acre-feet/year; smaller exempt wells need a Notice of Intent starting 20268
Floodplain development
Permit required in a mapped Special Flood Hazard Area from the county Floodplain Administrator9
Land-division filing fees
$25 plus per-lot charges to file a plat or certificate of survey; a $400 engineer review fee applies to divisions under 76-3-207(4)10
State building code
Montana has adopted a statewide code; exemptions include small residential buildings and farm or ranch buildings in state jurisdiction11

Who to call

Floodplain permits

Treasure County Floodplain Administrator (Courthouse)

Floodplain development permits for new development within a designated Special Flood Hazard Area in Treasure County; Montana DNRC lists a local floodplain administrator for the county at this courthouse address and phone number

(406) 342-5547

307 Rapelje Ave, Hysham, MT 59038

Septic permits

Treasure County Sanitarian / Environmental Health

Drainfield (septic) permits for Treasure County, delegated by Montana DEQ; the local health department issues this permit even when DEQ has already approved subdivision sanitation through a Certificate of Subdivision Approval (COSA)

Contact details are copied from each office’s official page and were checked against it on October 3, 2026.

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Do you need a building permit in Treasure County, Montana?

A single-family residence in Treasure County generally does not need a Montana state building permit unless it is inside a local jurisdiction that requires one by ordinance or resolution1. Montana requires a state building permit before covered construction begins, while state-jurisdiction exemptions include farm and ranch buildings, owner-use garages and storage buildings, and residential buildings with fewer than five dwelling units unless they serve transient guests21. Montana has adopted a uniform state building code for residential and commercial construction, but those exemptions still apply; certified local programs may enforce the code, and the state program has jurisdiction elsewhere11. Covered projects also receive state inspections; the state publishes inspectors assigned to Treasure County12. Montana contractor-licensing law allows an owner to work on the owner's own property, but that exemption does not erase applicable permits and is limited when the owner builds for prompt resale7.

Who handles floodplain and septic permits in Treasure County?

Treasure County's Floodplain Administrator works out of the courthouse in Hysham, at 307 Rapelje Ave, Hysham, MT 59038, phone (406) 342-554713. That office handles the development permit required for new work inside a mapped Special Flood Hazard Area9. Building permits and inspections for covered projects in state jurisdiction go through Montana's Building Codes Program, which publishes inspectors assigned to Treasure County212. Septic follows a separate state-and-local track: Montana DEQ issues applicable subdivision sanitation approval, but the Treasure County health department issues the required drainfield permit even when a lot already has that approval1445. To reach the County Sanitarian / Environmental Health office, start with the Treasure County courthouse at (406) 342-554713.

Does Treasure County have zoning?

Unincorporated Treasure County has no countywide zoning ordinance; the county Growth Policy is non-regulatory and discusses zoning as a possible future action3. Because there is no countywide zoning ordinance, unincorporated Treasure County sets no zoning-based minimum dwelling size, minimum lot size, general setback, lot-coverage limit, or building-height limit, and zoning does not restrict accessory dwellings, tiny homes, or manufactured homes15. Septic, floodplain, building-code, subdivision, deed, and access requirements can still affect a parcel. The Town of Hysham is a separate jurisdiction, so the countywide answer does not establish the town's rules3. Ask Hysham directly about land in town, and review private covenants and the parcel's legal history before treating a lack of county zoning as a clean slate.

How do septic and well permits work in Treasure County?

Septic approval in Treasure County can involve two authorities. Montana DEQ reviews sanitation facilities for qualifying subdivisions and issues a Certificate of Subdivision Approval1614. The Treasure County health department still requires and issues a drainfield permit even when DEQ has already issued that certificate45. Soils make early testing worthwhile: only 12.9% of the county's land is free of severe limitations for a conventional drain field17. Montana generally requires a Beneficial Water Use Permit for groundwater use over 35 gallons per minute or 10 acre-feet a year; qualifying smaller wells still need the state's required filing before use8. Treasure County's general residential septic-inspection procedure and any countywide public-utility connection mandate could not be confirmed; ask the County Sanitarian before finalizing a site plan.

Can you live in an RV or tiny home on your land in Treasure County?

Unincorporated Treasure County's lack of countywide zoning means county zoning does not restrict tiny-home or manufactured-home occupancy, but sanitation, floodplain, building-code, subdivision, access, and private-covenant requirements can still apply15. Treasure County's rules for long-term RV living on private land could not be confirmed, so ask the county courthouse and County Sanitarian before using an RV as a residence. Montana's camping rules for state trust land do not answer what is allowed on private acreage. On state trust land, a trailer or RV must remain within 50 feet of a customary access point, and temporary stays are limited by the land's lease status or campground designation1819. Contact Hysham separately for property in town because Hysham is outside the countywide zoning answer3.

What are the steps to build a home in Treasure County?

  1. Ask whether the parcel is under state building-code jurisdiction or a separate local jurisdiction, then confirm whether the project is exempt; a single-family residence generally does not need a state permit unless a local jurisdiction requires one1.
  2. For covered work, submit plans and the state Building Permit/Plan Review Application before construction220.
  3. If the parcel is part of a qualifying land division, confirm Montana DEQ sanitation approval, then obtain the Treasure County health department's drainfield permit before septic installation1645.
  4. Address water rights before using groundwater; uses over 35 gallons per minute or 10 acre-feet per year require a permit, while a qualifying smaller well requires the state's filing8.
  5. Ask the Floodplain Administrator whether the site is in a designated Special Flood Hazard Area and obtain a development permit when required9.
  6. For a new or changed approach onto a state highway, obtain an MDT approach permit or right-of-way agreement; projects with greater highway impacts can receive additional state review2122.

What should you check before buying land in Treasure County?

Water and soils are the headline concern: annual precipitation is 15.1 inches, severe drought occurs in 12.5% of years, and only 12.9% of the county's soils are free of severe septic limitations232417. Before buying, verify a usable water source and get the proposed drainfield area evaluated. Unincorporated Treasure County has no countywide zoning, but Hysham is separate, and parcel-specific subdivision and floodplain requirements can still apply39. For a recently divided tract, confirm Montana DEQ sanitation approval when applicable and verify that any agricultural exemption actually restricts the divided land to agricultural use1625. Confirm legal access too: a new or modified connection to a state highway requires an MDT approach permit or right-of-way agreement21.

Watch-outs

  • County zoning sets no minimum lot size or general setback in unincorporated Treasure County, but septic, floodplain, subdivision, access, deed, and private-covenant limits may still shape a building site15.
  • The Town of Hysham is a separate jurisdiction inside Treasure County; confirm directly with Hysham if your land is in or near town3.
  • Montana's state building-permit exemptions do not cover every project; covered work must be permitted before construction and inspected through the state program in state jurisdiction226.

Sources

  1. Building Permits, quoted and re-checked
  2. Building Permits, quoted and re-checked
  3. Treasure County Growth Policy 2023, quoted and re-checked
  4. Engineering Infrastructure & Subdivisions, quoted and re-checked
  5. deq.mt.gov, quoted and re-checked
  6. Montana Code Annotated, Title 37, Chapter 45, Construction Contractors (2026 county census)
  7. MCA — Construction Contractors, Chapter 45, quoted and re-checked
  8. Exempt Well Updates and Information, quoted and re-checked
  9. Stream Permitting, quoted and re-checked
  10. Recording and Filing Fees, quoted and re-checked
  11. Montana Building Codes Program, quoted and re-checked
  12. Building Permits, quoted and re-checked
  13. Treasure County Floodplain Administrator (Courthouse) (treasurecountymt.gov)
  14. Engineering Infrastructure & Subdivisions, quoted and re-checked
  15. Montana law on county zoning and building authority
  16. Engineering Infrastructure & Subdivisions, quoted and re-checked
  17. Share of soils USDA rates "not limited" for a conventional septic drain field (SSURGO). A strict rating: the median county is about 6% and a tenth of counties are 0%, so a low figure means most lots need a site evaluation or an engineered system, not that septic is impossible. Cite it only with that caveat: Bolthole Index county data
  18. Camping, quoted and re-checked
  19. Camping, quoted and re-checked
  20. Building Permits (Montana statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
  21. Approach Manual for Landowners and Developers, quoted and re-checked
  22. System Impact Action Process (SIAP), quoted and re-checked
  23. Annual precipitation: Bolthole Index county data
  24. Share of years in severe drought: Bolthole Index county data
  25. Subdivisions, quoted and re-checked
  26. Is a State Building Permit Needed?, quoted and re-checked

Written October 3, 2026 from the rules quoted below, each taken from an official source and re-checked by an independent reviewer. This is research, not legal advice: rules change, so confirm with the office before you buy or build.

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Compared with neighboring counties

Like 5 of its 6 neighbors, Treasure County requires no county building permit for a home.

RuleTreasure CountyRosebud CountyBig Horn CountyYellowstone CountyMusselshell CountyCuster CountyPetroleum County
Building permitNot requiredNot requiredNot requiredNot requiredNot requiredLimitedNot required
County zoningNoNoNot publishedYesNoYesNo
Septic permitsCounty SanitarianCounty SanitarianCounty Public Health Dept.RiverStone HealthCounty Sanitation ServicesCounty Env. HealthMT Dept. of Env. Quality

County locator

Treasure County in Montana

59
County map
Treasure County highlighted among the Montana counties · colored by Index score

How Treasure County scores

Seclusion90100% ev.
Self-Sufficiency23100% ev.
Admin Boringness82100% ev.
Durability42100% ev.
Property Autonomy83100% ev.
Carry Cost8394% ev.

Evidence strength: 100%. This reports direct-source completeness and fallback use; it is separate from the score and is not a confidence interval. How it works →

$246kTypical home
0.6%Property tax
$996Land / acre
15.1"Annual rain
12.5% of yrsSevere drought
14.1 / yr (+11.2)Mid-century 100°F days
22.9 daysMid-century dry spell
1.01" (+4.4%)Mid-century 1-day rain
1.24×Wildfire change factor
100%Forward climate coverage
state median fallbackInsurance basis
651Radius comparison (15 mi)
0.8People / sq mi
0.1%Federal land
55.6%Land at 15% slope or less
12.9%Soils rated "not limited" for septic (strict USDA rating)
79,409 acWorkable land screen
12.6%Wooded land
12.2 tonsBiomass / forest ac
45.9°FAvg temp

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Cities and towns in Treasure County

Inside a city or town, that city usually issues building permits and sets zoning; the county’s rules above cover unincorporated land. Septic, wells and floodplain rules usually stay with the county or state everywhere.

Town of Hysham

Answers from the rulebook for Treasure County

What the ordinances and state agencies actually say — one answer per question, each quoted from the official source and independently re-checked.

Treasure County rules

  • County-wide zoningAbsent

    Treasure County county zoning and the county future-growth map, including unincorporated county areas.

    • The source states that the future growth map is non-regulatory and is not zoning.
    • The source refers to possible county zoning only if the county adopts it in the future.
    • This claim does not determine whether the Town of Hysham has separate municipal zoning.
    “County zoning and future land use are complementary, and should the county adopt zoning in the future”
    2 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Absent — Countywide zoning administered by Treasure County, including unincorporated Treasure County; the source separately identifies Hysham as an incorporated community with separate jurisdiction.
      “County zoning and future land use are complementary, and should the county adopt zoning in the future [...]”
    • Absent — County zoning in Treasure County, excluding any separate zoning authority that may apply within the Town of Hysham or on Crow Tribe lands.
      “County zoning and future land use are complementary, and should the county adopt zoning in the future, both should be occasionally reviewed to ensure they are coordinated and compatible.”
  • Zoning districts · by state lawNot published

    Unincorporated Treasure County: no county rule sets this, because Treasure County's own reviewed answer confirms it has no county-wide zoning ordinance.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • The county growth policy is non-regulatory and is not zoning.
    • The source states that county zoning would be adopted in the future, indicating no county zoning adoption in the policy.
    “County zoning and future land use are complementary, and should the county adopt zoning in the future [...]”
  • Minimum dwelling size · by state lawNone

    Unincorporated Treasure County: no county rule sets this, because Treasure County's own reviewed answer confirms it has no county-wide zoning ordinance.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • The county growth policy is non-regulatory and is not zoning.
    • The source states that county zoning would be adopted in the future, indicating no county zoning adoption in the policy.
    “County zoning and future land use are complementary, and should the county adopt zoning in the future [...]”
  • Minimum lot size · by state lawNone

    Unincorporated Treasure County: no county rule sets this, because Treasure County's own reviewed answer confirms it has no county-wide zoning ordinance.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • The county growth policy is non-regulatory and is not zoning.
    • The source states that county zoning would be adopted in the future, indicating no county zoning adoption in the policy.
    “County zoning and future land use are complementary, and should the county adopt zoning in the future [...]”
  • Setbacks · by state lawNone

    Unincorporated Treasure County: no county rule sets this, because Treasure County's own reviewed answer confirms it has no county-wide zoning ordinance.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • The county growth policy is non-regulatory and is not zoning.
    • The source states that county zoning would be adopted in the future, indicating no county zoning adoption in the policy.
    “County zoning and future land use are complementary, and should the county adopt zoning in the future [...]”
  • Lot coverage · by state lawNone

    Unincorporated Treasure County: no county rule sets this, because Treasure County's own reviewed answer confirms it has no county-wide zoning ordinance.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • The county growth policy is non-regulatory and is not zoning.
    • The source states that county zoning would be adopted in the future, indicating no county zoning adoption in the policy.
    “County zoning and future land use are complementary, and should the county adopt zoning in the future [...]”
  • Building height · by state lawNone

    Unincorporated Treasure County: no county rule sets this, because Treasure County's own reviewed answer confirms it has no county-wide zoning ordinance.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • The county growth policy is non-regulatory and is not zoning.
    • The source states that county zoning would be adopted in the future, indicating no county zoning adoption in the policy.
    “County zoning and future land use are complementary, and should the county adopt zoning in the future [...]”
  • Tiny homes · by state lawUnrestricted

    Unincorporated Treasure County: no county rule sets this, because Treasure County's own reviewed answer confirms it has no county-wide zoning ordinance.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • The county growth policy is non-regulatory and is not zoning.
    • The source states that county zoning would be adopted in the future, indicating no county zoning adoption in the policy.
    “County zoning and future land use are complementary, and should the county adopt zoning in the future [...]”
  • Manufactured homes · by state lawUnrestricted

    Unincorporated Treasure County: no county rule sets this, because Treasure County's own reviewed answer confirms it has no county-wide zoning ordinance.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • The county growth policy is non-regulatory and is not zoning.
    • The source states that county zoning would be adopted in the future, indicating no county zoning adoption in the policy.
    “County zoning and future land use are complementary, and should the county adopt zoning in the future [...]”
  • Accessory dwellings · by state lawUnrestricted

    Unincorporated Treasure County: no county rule sets this, because Treasure County's own reviewed answer confirms it has no county-wide zoning ordinance.

    • Septic, floodplain, subdivision and health rules still apply; cities and towns set their own rules inside their limits.
    • The county growth policy is non-regulatory and is not zoning.
    • The source states that county zoning would be adopted in the future, indicating no county zoning adoption in the policy.
    “County zoning and future land use are complementary, and should the county adopt zoning in the future [...]”
  • Who permits septicCounty (with conditions)

    Drainfield permitting for septic systems in Treasure County, including properties with a Certificate of Subdivision Approval

    • The local health department administers the drainfield permit requirement even when DEQ has issued a COSA.
    “Yes, even thought you have a COSA, a drainfield permit is still required by the local health department.”
  • Septic permitRequired

    Installation of a residential drainfield in Treasure County, including property that already has a Certificate of Subdivision Approval.

    • A Certificate of Subdivision Approval does not eliminate the local health department drainfield permit requirement.
    • The cited state page describes the requirement for local health departments generally and does not provide a Treasure County-specific fee, application process, inspection schedule, or exemptions.
    “Yes, even thought you have a COSA, a drainfield permit is still required by the local health department.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Required — Installing a septic drainfield in Treasure County, including on a lot that already has a COSA
      “Yes, even thought you have a COSA, a drainfield permit is still required by the local health department.”
  • Building in a floodplainRequired

    New development in designated Special Flood Hazard Areas within Treasure County, including development subject to the county floodplain program.

    • A local floodplain administrator must determine whether an SFHA is designated for the stream of interest.
    • Treasure County is listed by Montana DNRC as having a local floodplain administrator: Lindsey Kimball, 307 Rapelje Ave., Hysham, Montana, telephone 406-342-5547.
    • The cited state guidance describes the permit requirement for new development within designated SFHAs; it does not establish a countywide permit requirement outside mapped or designated flood hazard areas.
    “Anyone planning new development within a designated Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA). Check with local floodplain administrator to determine whether a Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA) has been designated for the stream of interest.”
  • Permit feesPublished (with conditions)

    Published Treasure County Clerk & Recorder fees for subdivision and townsite plats, certificates of survey, amendments, and examination of a division of land.

    • The schedule is headed Effective Oct 1, 2025.
    • Subdivision and townsite plat filings are charged $25.00 plus per-lot charges.
    • Certificate of survey filings and amendments are charged $25.00 plus a per-tract or per-lot charge.
    • Examination of a division of land includes a $400.00 engineer review fee under 76-3-207(4).

    subdivision or townsite plat filing fee: 25 USD (plus $0.50 for each lot up to 100 and $0.25 for each lot over 100) · certificate of survey or amendment filing fee: 25 USD (plus $0.50 for each tract or lot) · division of land engineer review fee: 400 USD (76-3-207(4))

    “FILING SUBDIVISION and TOWNSITE PLATS $25.00 Plus: for each lot up to 100 .50 for each lot over 100 .25 FILING CERTIFICATE OF SURVEY and AMENDMENTS Thereto $25.00 Plus: for each tract or lot .50 Examine a division of land –Engineer Review Fee 76-3-207(4) $400.00”

Montana rules that apply here

  • Building permitLimited

    Building construction, remodeling, moving, or change of occupancy in Treasure County where Montana state building-code jurisdiction applies, including areas not covered by a certified local government program.

    • A state building permit is required before construction for non-exempt buildings.
    • State law exempts farm and ranch buildings; mining buildings on mining property; petroleum refineries and pulp and paper mills except office and shop buildings; residential buildings containing fewer than five dwelling units except when serving transient guests; and private garages and private storage buildings used for the owner's own use and not part of a commercial enterprise or business.
    • A single-family residence does not require a state building permit unless located inside a local government's jurisdiction that requires one by ordinance or resolution.
    • Projects within the jurisdictional limits of a certified local government program are excepted from the state permit process and may be subject to local requirements.
    • Building permits must be issued before plumbing, mechanical, or electrical permits can be issued or related work begins.

    residential dwelling units: < 5 dwelling units (Buildings containing fewer than five dwelling units are exempt from the state building permit requirement unless serving transient guests.)

    “In the State's jurisdiction, state law exempts the following from the need to obtain state building permits: 1. farm and ranch buildings 2. mining buildings on mining property 3. petroleum refineries and pulp and paper mills (except office and shop buildings) 4. residential buildings containing less than five dwelling units (except when serving transient guests) 5. private garages and private storage buildings used for the owner's own use (not part of a commercial enterprise or business)”
    2 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Limited — Construction in Montana, including Treasure County, that is within the State Building Codes Program's jurisdiction and is not exempt.
      “In Montana a state building permit is required prior to the start of construction”
    • Limited — Construction, remodeling, moving, alterations, additions, repairs, or changes of occupancy for buildings subject to Montana state building-code jurisdiction.
      “In Montana a state building permit is required prior to the start of construction for certain types of new buildings, and/or for alterations, additions, and repairs.”
  • Owner-builder exemptionAvailable

    An owner working on the owner's property, or an owner contracting for work performed by a registered construction contractor, under Montana's construction-contractor licensing chapter.

    • The exemption does not apply to an owner otherwise covered by the chapter who constructs a residence on the owner's property intending and for the purpose of promptly selling the improved property.
    • For an owner working on the owner's property, the resale exception does not apply if the owner has continuously occupied the property as the owner's primary residence for at least the last 12 months.
    • This is an exemption from the construction-contractor licensing chapter; it does not itself exempt a project from applicable building, electrical, plumbing, mechanical, or inspection requirements.

    primary-residence occupancy period for resale exception: >= 12 months (The statute states the owner must have continuously occupied the property as the owner's primary residence for at least the last 12 months.)

    “(13) to an owner working on the owner's property, whether occupied by the owner or not, but this exemption does not apply to an owner”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Conditional — Montana construction-contractor licensing, including owner work on property in Treasure County; this is not an exemption from applicable building, electrical, plumbing, mechanical, or other permits.
      “unless the owner has continuously occupied the property as the owner's primary residence for at least the last 12 months;”
  • Building code adoptedAdopted (with conditions)

    Montana's uniform state building code for residential and commercial buildings statewide.

    • The currently listed codes are amended and adopted through Administrative Rules of Montana Title 24, Chapter 301.
    • Cities, counties, and towns may enforce local building codes, all or in part, only through certified local building-code-enforcement programs.
    • State-owned agencies must be permitted through the Montana Department of Labor and Industry.
    • The listed 2021 International Building, Residential, and Existing Building Codes and related codes are effective June 11, 2022; the listed ASME boiler and pressure-vessel codes are effective November 6, 2021.

    International Building Code edition: 2021 · International Residential Code edition: 2021 · effective date for listed principal codes: 2022-06-11 (ASME boiler and pressure-vessel codes listed on the official page are effective 2021-11-06)

    “In addition, the program is responsible for adopting a uniform state building code, which is enforced statewide for residential and commercial buildings across Montana.”
    4 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Adopted — Residential and commercial buildings statewide in Montana, including areas of Treasure County under state jurisdiction.
      “In addition, the program is responsible for adopting a uniform state building code, which is enforced statewide for residential and commercial buildings across Montana.”
    • Adopted (with conditions) — Montana's uniform state building code, including projects in Treasure County that are not under a certified local building-code enforcement program.
      “In addition, the program is responsible for adopting a uniform state building code, which is enforced statewide for residential and commercial buildings across Montana.”
    • Adopted (with conditions) — Montana statewide building-code framework applicable where state jurisdiction or state code requirements govern construction, including Treasure County where applicable.
      “All of the codes listed below are amended and adopted by: [...] International Building Code, 2024 Edition - Effective: September 26, 2026. International Residential Code, 2024 Edition”
    • Partial — Montana's statewide building-code framework for residential and commercial construction.
      “In Montana, cities, counties and towns have the option to enforce local building, electrical, plumbing, and mechanical codes, all or in part (except for state-owned agencies, which must be permitted through this Department). These local building code enforcement programs must be certified by the BC Program. The remaining cities, counties and towns that have chosen not to enforce building codes, fall under the jurisdiction of the BC Program. [...] the program is responsible for adopting a uniform state building code, which is enforced statewide for residential and commercial buildings across Montana.”
  • InspectionsLimited

    Buildings in Treasure County subject to Montana state building-code permitting and inspection.

    • Inspections apply to projects requiring a state building permit.
    • The permit holder must notify the inspector when work is ready for inspection and provide access.
    • The permit holder is responsible for calling the building inspector at least 24 hours before a requested inspection.
    • The inspector has 72 hours from notification to perform the requested inspection.
    • Projects within certified local-government jurisdictions are inspected by the certified local jurisdiction rather than the state.

    advance inspection notice: >= 24 hours · inspector response period: <= 72 hours (Measured from notification of a requested inspection.)

    “It is the responsibility of the permit holder to call the building inspector at least 24 hours before a requested inspection, and that the inspector have 72 hours from the notification to perform the requested inspection.”
    2 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Limited — Projects in the State Building Codes Program's jurisdiction requiring inspection, including Treasure County projects assigned a State Building inspector.
      “TREASURE Jackson Payer 406-465-8874 Robert Spargo 406-475-0478 Nicholas Crowe 406-202-4347”
    • Limited — Buildings and other projects requiring permits under Montana state building-code jurisdiction; certified local governments may perform inspections within their certified jurisdictional areas.
      “The BC Program establishes and enforces statewide codes by issuing permits and performing inspections.”
  • Certificate of occupancyLimited

    Buildings constructed in accordance with the Montana state building code or a county, city, or town building code.

    • The certificate must certify that the building conforms to the applicable building regulations.
    • The statute addresses certificates for buildings constructed under the state or local building code; it does not establish a universal certificate requirement for every structure or every occupancy.
    “A certificate of occupancy for a building constructed in accordance with the provisions of the state building code or county, city, or town building code must certify that the building conforms to the requirements of the building regulations applicable to it.”
  • Living in an RVLimited

    RV, camper-trailer, and other trailer overnight use for general recreation on legally accessible Montana state trust land administered by DNRC.

    • A Conservation License is required for dispersed camping on state trust land.
    • RV or trailer camping must be within 50 feet of a customary access point; motorized vehicles must be parked within 50 feet of a customary access point, and the camper or trailer may not be set up farther away by driving beyond that point.
    • On leased or licensed land, the stay limit is 2 days.
    • On unleased or unlicensed land, the stay limit is 16 days within a 30-day period.
    • Within a designated campground, the stay limit is 16 days within a 30-day period.
    • The local DNRC field office should be contacted to confirm whether land is leased.
    • Pets must be leashed or otherwise controlled.
    • Overnight horses must be restrained, may not remain in a stream riparian zone for more than one hour, and must use certified weed-seed-free feed.
    • Campfires are generally permitted within designated campgrounds and on unleased or unlicensed land but are not allowed on leased land.
    • Cutting firewood requires a separate permit from the local DNRC field office, and fireworks are not allowed on state land.
    • State Parks, Fishing Access Sites, and Wildlife Management Areas are managed by Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks rather than under this DNRC camping page.

    RV/trailer distance from customary access point: <= 50 ft (Motorized vehicles must be parked within 50 feet; the page states the camper or trailer may not be driven farther to set it up.) · maximum stay on leased or licensed land: 2 days · maximum stay on unleased or unlicensed land: 16 days within a 30-day period · maximum stay within designated campground: 16 days within a 30-day period

    “TRAILER/RV etc. Camp within 50 ft of a customary access point. Motorized vehicles must be parked within 50 ft of a customary access point. You may not drive further to set up a camper or trailer. On leased or licensed land: 2 days On unleased/unlicensed land: 16 days within a 30-day period Within designated campground: 16 days within a 30-day period”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Temporary only (with conditions) — RV camping and temporary RV occupancy on Montana state trust land, including any such land within Treasure County.
      “TRAILER/RV etc. Camp within 50 ft of a customary access point. Motorized vehicles must be parked within 50 ft of a customary access point. You may not drive further to set up a camper or trailer.”
  • Camping on your landLimited

    Temporary camping on Montana state trust land, including any such land within Treasure County.

    • A Conservation License is required for dispersed camping unless camping is incidental to hunting or fishing under the conservation license.
    • Group camping requires a special recreational use license.
    • Tent camping must be within 200 feet of a customary access point or navigable water body.
    • Trailer/RV camping must be within 50 feet of a customary access point; motorized vehicles must be parked within 50 feet, and the camper or trailer may not be set up farther away.
    • Stay is limited to 2 days on leased or licensed land.
    • Stay is limited to 16 days within a 30-day period on unleased or unlicensed land.
    • Stay is limited to 16 days within a 30-day period within a designated campground.
    • Campfires are not allowed on leased land.
    • The page states that most trust land east of the Continental Divide is leased and advises contacting the local DNRC field office to confirm whether land is leased.

    tent distance from customary access point or navigable water body: <= 200 feet · trailer/RV distance from customary access point: <= 50 feet (Motorized vehicles must be parked within 50 feet; the camper or trailer may not be set up farther away.) · stay on leased or licensed land: 2 days · stay on unleased or unlicensed land: 16 days per 30-day period · stay within designated campground: 16 days per 30-day period

    “TENT Camp within 200 ft of a customary access point or navigable water body. | TRAILER/RV etc. Camp within 50 ft of a customary access point.”
  • Well permitLimited

    New groundwater developments in Montana using 35 gallons per minute or less and no more than 10 acre-feet per year.

    • All water uses starting after June 30, 1973, require a water right either through a water-use permit or an exception to the permitting process.
    • The development may qualify for the exception; qualification is not automatic.
    • Completed groundwater uses that meet the permit exception receive a Groundwater Certificate rather than a water permit.
    • A permitted water right is required for a combined appropriation from the same source by two or more wells or developed springs exceeding 10 acre-feet, regardless of flow rate.
    • All lots in a multi-phase subdivision must share a combined water-use limit of 10 acre-feet per year to qualify for a permit exception.
    • Beginning January 1, 2026, a water user intending to develop water use through a permit exception must file a Notice of Intent with DNRC before using water from an exempt well.
    • DNRC reviews a correct and complete Notice of Intent within 10 business days; if eligible, it authorizes the Notice of Intent and gives the user five years to complete the project, put the water to use, and file a Notice of Completion.
    • If the proposed use is not eligible, the Notice of Intent is denied and the user is directed to the water-right permit process.
    • The Notice of Intent filing fee is $400.
    • An authorized Notice of Intent expires after five years, with an opportunity for one five-year extension.

    maximum flow rate: <= 35 gpm · maximum annual volume: <= 10 acre-feet per year · Notice of Intent fee: 400 USD (Beginning January 1, 2026) · Notice of Intent review period: 10 business days (For a correct and complete Notice of Intent) · authorized Notice of Intent term: 5 years (One five-year extension opportunity is available)

    “Permit Exceptions, a.k.a. Exempt Wells: Small groundwater developments that use 35 gpm or less and do not exceed 10 acre-feet per year are known as “exempt wells” and may qualify for an exception to the water permit process.”
    3 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Limited — New groundwater uses and wells in Treasure County under Montana water-rights law
      “Water Permits: A water permit is required for all surface water use and groundwater uses over 35 gallons per minute (gpm) or 10 acre-feet per year. [...] Permit Exceptions, a.k.a. Exempt Wells: Small groundwater developments that use 35 gpm or less and do not exceed 10 acre-feet per year are known as “exempt wells” and may qualify for an exception to the water permit process.”
    • Limited — Groundwater wells and other groundwater developments in Treasure County, Montana, including residential domestic use, to the extent the use is governed by Montana's statewide water-right permitting law.
      “Small groundwater developments that use 35 gpm or less and do not exceed 10 acre-feet per year are known as “exempt wells””
    • Required — Surface-water uses and groundwater uses exceeding 35 gallons per minute or 10 acre-feet per year in Montana.
      “Water Permits: A water permit is required for all surface water use and groundwater uses over 35 gallons per minute (gpm) or 10 acre-feet per year.”
  • Agricultural exemptionConditional

    Certain land divisions in Treasure County under Montana's Subdivision and Platting Act, including transfers involving a covenant that limits use exclusively to agriculture.

    • The exemption applies only to qualifying divisions under Title 76, chapter 3, part 2, MCA.
    • The agricultural example requires a covenant running with the land that limits the use of the land exclusively to agriculture.
    • Applicable zoning regulations still apply where the source states they apply.
    • Exemptions may not be used to evade the Montana Subdivision and Platting Act.
    • Local governments must adopt evasion criteria to evaluate whether a proposed exemption represents an intention to evade the Act.
    • A certificate of survey and certification that property taxes and special assessments have been paid are required for the listed example divisions.
    “provides that the divided land will be used exclusively for agricultural purposes”
  • Subdividing landLimited

    Statewide divisions of land creating parcels for sale or other transfer under the Montana Subdivision and Platting Act.

    • A subdivision generally consists only of parcels containing less than 160 acres that cannot be described as a one-quarter aliquot part of a United States government section.
    • The subdivision plat must show all parcels, whether contiguous or not.
    • The statutory definition includes resubdivisions and condominiums.
    • Certain divisions or aggregations are not subdivisions under the chapter but remain subject to survey requirements and applicable zoning regulations.
    • The statutory exemptions do not apply when the method of disposition is adopted for the purpose of evading the chapter.

    parcel threshold: < 160 acres (A parcel describable as a one-quarter aliquot part of a United States government section is excluded from the subdivision definition.)

    “subdivision comprises only those parcels containing less than 160 acres that cannot be described as a one-quarter aliquot part of a United States government section”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Regulated (with conditions) — Subdivision activity in Treasure County subject to Montana's state sanitation-in-subdivisions review, including divisions creating parcels of less than 20 acres and condominiums, recreational camping vehicle parks, and mobile home parks regardless of parcel size.
      “The DEQ Subdivision Program reviews divisions of land comprising less than 20 acres [...] This review is limited to sanitation facilities”
  • Driveway accessLimited

    New or modified driveway approaches and changes in property or approach use abutting MDT-maintained state highways in Treasure County.

    • All new or modified approaches require either an approach permit or a right-of-way agreement.
    • A change in use of property abutting a state highway or a change in use of an existing approach requires a new approach permit.
    • The landowner must obtain the new permit; the owner must sign the application before review and approval.
    • The MDT District Office determines whether an approach permit can be granted or whether the Systems Impact Process is necessary.
    • For approaches on an existing or proposed access-control highway, approaches generating significant traffic volume, or approaches with significant environmental impacts, approval must follow the Systems Impact Process.
    • A site plan and environmental checklist are required; construction cannot begin until required review, conditions, and permits are completed.
    “ALL NEW OR MODIFIED APPROACHES REQUIRE EITHER AN APPROACH PERMIT OR A RIGHT-OF-WAY AGREEMENT. CHANGES IN THE USE OF PROPERTY ABUTTING A STATE HIGHWAY OR CHANGE IN USE OF AN EXISTING APPROACH REQUIRE A NEW APPROACH PERMIT.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Limited — New or modified driveway approaches intersecting Montana state highways, and changes in use of property abutting a state highway or an existing approach.
      “ALL NEW OR MODIFIED APPROACHES REQUIRE EITHER AN APPROACH PERMIT OR A RIGHT-OF-WAY AGREEMENT.”
  • Short-term rentalsLimited

    Short-term rentals operated in Montana.

    • A Property Manager license is required unless the operator qualifies for an exemption under MCA § 37-56-104 or MCA § 50-51.
    • Local land-use, lodging, tax, and public-accommodation requirements may also apply.

    application fee: 50 USD

    “Short Term Rentals: A Property Manager license is required for short term rentals unless an operator qualifies for an exemption”
  • Permit processPartial

    Projects in Treasure County that connect to Montana’s state highway system and may affect state highways, including commercial, residential, or industrial developments.

    • SIAP applies to projects connecting to Montana’s state highway system.
    • SIAP evaluates traffic, drainage, and environmental effects and defines mitigation requirements.
    • The published process lists submission of a permit application and environmental checklist, technical review, design and approval, construction authorization, construction oversight and inspection, and permit issuance.
    • MDT states that initial feedback typically takes 4–5 weeks; more complex projects may require multiple review iterations.
    • SIAP applies when a project generates 150 or more trips per peak hour, requests new or modified highway access, involves land-use or zoning changes that increase highway impacts, or requires engineering solutions such as turn lanes, signals, or access modifications.
    • If impacts are minimal and no off-site improvements are needed, the project may proceed under standard permit review instead.

    initial MDT feedback timeframe: 4–5 weeks (varies by project complexity) · SIAP trip threshold: >= 150 trips per peak hour

    “If your project connects to Montana’s state highway system, SIAP provides a structured review to ensure safety, efficiency, and sustainability. [...] Generates 150 or more trips per peak hour [...] If impacts are minimal and no off-site improvements are needed, the project may proceed under a standard permit review instead.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Published (with conditions) — State-administered Montana building permits for covered non-exempt construction outside certified local-government jurisdictions.
      “To obtain a state building permit, submit construction plans and a Building Permit/Plan Review Application to the Building Codes Program for review and approval.”
  • Campground & park staysLimited

    Camping in Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks public-use sites.

    • Camping is prohibited except in areas specifically designated or marked for camping.
    • A camping unit, vehicle, equipment, or personal items may not be left overnight without a person present.
    • Camping longer than 7 nights at one or more campsites in a public use area during any consecutive 30-day period is prohibited unless otherwise posted by the department.
    • Designated occupancy limits must not be exceeded.
    • Special-use-permit terms must be followed unless otherwise posted.
    • Campsites must be vacated by 1 p.m. on the day of departure; camping facilities must be vacated by 12 p.m. on the day of departure.

    maximum camping duration: <= 7 nights per consecutive 30-day period (unless otherwise posted by the department) · campsite departure time: 1 p.m. · camping-facility departure time: 12 p.m.

    “Unless otherwise posted by the department, within a public use site it is prohibited to: [...] camp at one or more campsites in a public use area for a period of longer than 7 nights during any consecutive 30-day period, beginning with the first night occupied unless otherwise posted by the department;”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Limited — Dispersed and designated-campground temporary camping on legally accessible Montana state trust land administered by DNRC.
      “Dispersed camping is allowed on state trust land with the appropriate permit and with certain restrictions. Dispersed camping on state trust land is allowed with a Conservation License. Camping that is incidental to hunting or fishing is permitted through your conservation license, and no additional permitting is required. Group camping requires a special recreational use license. On leased or licensed land: 2 days On unleased/unlicensed land: 16 days within a 30-day period Within designated campground: 16 days within a 30-day period”
  • county zoning authorityGeneral

    Montana county boards of commissioners' authority to adopt zoning regulations, including in unincorporated portions of established jurisdictional areas.

    • The board of county commissioners must have adopted a growth policy pursuant to Title 76, chapter 1.
    • Zoning may be adopted for all or parts of the jurisdictional area in accordance with Title 76, chapter 2, part 2.
    • Within unincorporated portions of an established jurisdictional area, the board may establish zoning regulations by resolution or divide the county into zoning districts.
    • Zoning regulations may regulate the erection, construction, reconstruction, alteration, repair, location, or use of buildings or structures and the use of land.
    • An action challenging creation of a zoning district or adoption of zoning regulations must be commenced within 6 months after the board's order.
    • Regulations in one district may differ from those in other districts.
    • The statute also states that zoning regulations may not treat manufactured housing or factory-built housing units differently from other residential units, subject to the statutory presumption concerning placement.

    challenge period: 6 months (after the date of the board order creating the district or adopting the regulations)

    “For the purpose of promoting the public health, safety, morals, and general welfare, a board of county commissioners that has adopted a growth policy pursuant to chapter 1 is authorized to adopt zoning regulations for all or parts of the jurisdictional area in accordance with the provisions of this part.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • General — Montana county boards of commissioners adopting zoning regulations for all or parts of their jurisdictional areas, including unincorporated portions where the statutory prerequisites are met.
      “a board of county commissioners that has adopted a growth policy pursuant to chapter 1 is authorized to adopt zoning regulations”
  • county building authorityGeneral

    Montana counties may adopt and enforce building codes and require construction permits for residential construction in unincorporated county areas, subject to the statutory certification, geographic, code-content, and permit requirements.

    • A county may adopt a building code by ordinance or resolution, or authorize adoption by administrative action.
    • A county may adopt its building code on a countywide basis unless a city or town within the county has adopted a building code; the county may not enforce its county building code within that city or town.
    • The county code-enforcement program must be certified by the Montana Department of Labor and Industry.
    • The current adopted code, current fee list, and current enforcement plan must be filed with and approved by the Department.
    • Inspectors must satisfy the stated state-licensing or approved national-certification requirements.
    • Except for voluntary incentive-based energy-conservation standards, the county may not adopt or enforce a building code more stringent than the code adopted by the Department or required by state law.
    • The county may prohibit construction from commencing until the required permit is issued after compliance is shown.
    • The general construction-permit requirement applies to buildings subject to Title 50, chapter 60, parts 1 through 4.
    • State agency-owned buildings remain under state Department jurisdiction for plan review, permitting, and inspections.
    “The local legislative body of a county, city, or town may adopt a building code to apply to the county, city, or town by an ordinance or resolution, as appropriate: (a) adopting a building code; or (b) authorizing the adoption of a building code by administrative action.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • General — Montana counties' authority to adopt and enforce building codes and require building-code administration for construction in county areas, including unincorporated areas.
      “The local legislative body of a county, city, or town may adopt a building code to apply to the county, city, or town by an ordinance or resolution, as appropriate: (a) adopting a building code; or (b) authorizing the adoption of a building code by administrative action.”

Still unanswered

We looked and could not find an official answer yet. Silence is not permission — ask the county directly.

  • Local zoning — Local zoning within Treasure County, including the separately governed Town of Hysham and unincorporated areas.
  • Septic inspection — Residential septic-system inspection requirements in Treasure County
  • Off-grid sanitation — Off-grid sanitation arrangements, including private onsite wastewater systems, in Treasure County
  • Mandatory utility hookup — Whether development in Treasure County must connect to public water, public sewer, both, or neither

Each answer was extracted from an official source and independently re-checked against that source by a second reviewer. That is an evidence check, not legal advice. Rules change; confirm with the authority before you buy or build.

Living off-grid in Treasure County, Montana

Is Treasure County a good place to live off-grid or homestead?

Treasure County scores 59/100 on the Bolthole Index, a solid county profile. Its strengths: deep seclusion — about 651 people within 15 miles and manageable long-term carry cost. Watch-outs: thin water margin (15.1″/yr rainfall) and elevated current hazard exposure.

Do you need a building permit in Treasure County, Montana?

Treasure County does not require a county building permit for a home in unincorporated areas, and it has no county-wide zoning. Onsite septic is permitted by Treasure County Sanitarian / Environmental Health (DEQ-delegated). Owner-builders may act as their own contractor to build their home. These answers are quoted from official sources and independently re-checked. Rules change and cities within the county differ — always confirm with the county before you buy or build.

Can you live in an RV or tiny home on your land in Treasure County?

Living in an RV on your own land in Treasure County is limited to specific cases: Statewide rule. RV, camper-trailer, and other trailer overnight use for general recreation on legally accessible Montana state trust land administered by DNRC. A Conservation License is required for dispersed camping on state trust land. RV or trailer camping must be within 50 feet of a customary access point; motorized vehicles must be parked within 50 feet of a customary access point, and the camper or trailer may not be set up farther away by driving beyond that point. A tiny home is allowed. Confirm with the county before relying on it.

How much does land cost in Treasure County, Montana?

Land in Treasure County runs about $996 per acre, based on the latest county data.

What is the water situation in Treasure County?

Treasure County gets about 15.1" of rain a year, with severe drought in roughly 12.5% of years.

How remote is Treasure County?

A typical private-land location has about 651 people within 15 miles and 210,851 within 100 miles. These radius catchments are the published fallback where road routing is unavailable.

How Treasure compares in Montana

Compare side-by-side →See all 56 Montana counties ranked →