Bolthole Index

Newport News City, Virginia

Building permits, zoning and land rules in Newport News, Virginia

30Index Score / 100
#123 of 133 in Virginia

Newport News, Virginia requires building permits under the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code, issued and enforced locally by the city's Department of Codes Compliance12. Zoning applies citywide, and the Planning Department handles zoning approval and land-use review for every parcel34. Septic permits and private well permits do not come from the city: properties using onsite sewage need them from the Hampton & Peninsula Health Districts, and a home building permit package may also require sewer-fee documentation567.

At a glance

Building permit
Required for covered work; issued by the Department of Codes Compliance89
Zoning
Yes; Planning administers zoning citywide34
Septic
Septic permit required for onsite sewage; issued by the Health District, not the city57
Septic soil suitability
0% of soils rate free of severe limits for a conventional drain field (coastal, high water table)10
Sewer connection
A permit submission may require city sewer-tap and HRSD fee receipts or waivers6
Private well
Requires a Health District permit, sanitary survey and post-construction inspection11
Short-term rental
A city permit is required, with primary-residence and occupancy limits12
Owner-builder
Available for a qualifying owner building one primary residence for personal use1314

Who to call

Building permits

City of Newport News Department of Codes Compliance

Building permits, plan review, and construction-trades, code enforcement and property-maintenance inspections citywide

757-933-2311

City Hall, 2400 Washington Ave., Newport News, VA 23607

Zoning

City of Newport News Planning Department, Current Planning Division

Zoning, land use, change-of-zoning, special exceptions and conditional use permits citywide

757-926-8761

City Hall, 2400 Washington Ave., 2nd Floor, Newport News, VA 23607

Septic permits

Hampton & Peninsula Health Districts, Office of Environmental Health - Peninsula Health Center

Private sewage (septic) system and well permits and inspections for Newport News, under statewide Virginia Department of Health regulations

(757) 594-7340

peninsula.eh@vdh.virginia.gov

836-A J. Clyde Morris Blvd., Newport News, VA 23601

Contact details are copied from each office’s official page and were checked against it on October 9, 2026.

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Do you need a building permit in Newport News, Virginia?

Yes. Newport News requires a building permit before covered construction or demolition begins, and the Department of Codes Compliance enforces the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code locally815. Virginia exempts some minor work, including a qualifying one-story detached shed or playhouse of no more than 256 square feet, but flood-hazard or historic-district rules can still trigger a permit16. A covered building is not compliant until the inspecting authority approves it; an inspection may be waived at the authority's discretion when construction costs less than $2,50017. A certificate of occupancy is required before occupying or changing the occupancy of a covered building, subject to the code's stated exceptions18.

Who is the Newport News building department, and how do you reach them?

The City of Newport News Department of Codes Compliance is the local building department, covering construction-trades plan review and building, electrical, mechanical and plumbing enforcement9. The office is at City Hall, 2400 Washington Ave., Newport News, VA 23607; call 757-933-2311 during its weekday office hours9. Applications, permit searches, inspection requests and invoice payments are available through the Citizen Self Service Portal19. The published minimum building-permit fee is $56.10, and residential plan review costs $30 through 2,499 square feet, $55 from 2,500 through 4,999 square feet and $110 at 5,000 square feet or more20. A qualifying owner may build one personally owned primary residence for personal use within a 24-month period without a contractor license, but the city requires a contractor-exemption affidavit when no licensed contractor is responsible1413.

Does Newport News have zoning?

Yes. Newport News is an independent city with no separate county government, and it administers zoning citywide through the Planning Department, and the city publishes its zoning districts and associated regulations2122. Current Planning reviews site plans, subdivisions, special exceptions, conditional use permits and rezoning requests4. Minimum lot size and setbacks apply by zoning district rather than as one citywide number, so ask Planning at 757-926-8761 to identify the parcel's district and standards23244. Proposed land divisions require a development plan and final subdivision plat; larger projects and those adding or extending streets may also require a preliminary development plan25. Newport News limits short-term rentals through city regulations, permits, tax obligations, safety standards and annual compliance requirements26. We could not confirm a numeric minimum dwelling size or the current local accessory-dwelling rules; ask Planning before designing either use4.

How do septic permits work in Newport News?

The city does not issue septic permits or well permits; a Newport News property using onsite sewage needs a septic construction permit from the Virginia Department of Health before a system is built or expanded2728. The Hampton & Peninsula Health Districts' environmental health office accepts local applications and permits and inspects private sewage systems and wells7. Published construction-permit charges are $425 without OSE/PE documentation or $225 with that documentation for a system under 1,000 gallons per day28. An installation generally cannot be covered or used until it is inspected, corrected if necessary and approved; professionally certified designs follow a separate inspection-report route29. Only 0% of Newport News soils rate free of severe limits for a conventional drain field, so investigate feasibility before relying on a standard system10. A private well construction or abandonment permit costs $30030. Reach Environmental Health at (757) 594-7340 or peninsula.eh@vdh.virginia.gov7.

Can you live in an RV or tiny home in Newport News?

We could not confirm a Newport News rule that generally allows living in an RV or tiny home on a private residential lot. Citywide zoning means the answer can depend on the parcel's district and the proposed use, so ask Planning at 757-926-8761 for a written zoning determination before buying or placing a unit34. Virginia's campground provisions govern permitted campgrounds and do not establish a right to occupy an RV on an ordinary private lot31. Manufactured homes have a separate statewide path: in qualifying districts where site-built housing is allowed, placement may require conversion to real property, an individual lot and a certificate of occupancy issued within 5 years of the manufacture date32. A tiny home intended as a dwelling still needs the city to confirm zoning and applicable building-permit requirements14.

Building in Newport News: the steps, in order

  1. Ask Planning to confirm the parcel's zoning district, setbacks, minimum lot size, proposed use and any subdivision review4232425.
  2. Determine whether the home will connect to sewer; the residential permit package may require a city sewer-tap fee receipt or waiver and an HRSD service-fee receipt or waiver6.
  3. If onsite sewage or a private well is proposed, obtain the applicable Health District permit before construction2830.
  4. Submit the building-permit application and plans through the city's published process before covered work begins, and confirm the full fee total161920.
  5. Arrange and complete the applicable building and onsite-system inspections1729.
  6. Obtain the certificate of occupancy before moving into covered new construction18.

What to check before you buy land in Newport News

Confirm the zoning district and allowed use with Planning before relying on a listing description, especially for an RV, tiny home, accessory dwelling or short-term rental22264. Verify sewer availability and any city or HRSD receipts or waivers that the residential permit package will require6. For land without sewer, investigate septic feasibility early because 0% of local soils rate free of severe limits for a conventional drain field10. Check the flood map before designing: new construction and substantial improvements in the Special Flood Hazard Area must place the lowest floor 2 feet above base flood elevation and use elevation certificates during the project33. A new or changed driveway within city right-of-way requires a Public Works permit and city-approved construction34. Typical home value is about $297,424, while the effective property-tax rate is about 1% and the median annual bill is about $2,507353637.

Watch-outs

  • Before work in a Special Flood Hazard Area, contact Codes Compliance: even otherwise exempt work may require a permit, and covered construction has local elevation and certification rules3316.
  • A driveway created, repaired or modified within Newport News city right-of-way requires a Public Works permit before work starts34.
  • Only 0% of Newport News soils rate free of severe limits for a conventional septic drain field, so investigate onsite-sewage feasibility before relying on a parcel without sewer10.

Sources

  1. City of Newport News Department of Codes Compliance (2026 county census)
  2. Codes Compliance, quoted and re-checked
  3. Zoning Division, quoted and re-checked
  4. City of Newport News Planning Department, Current Planning Division (nnva.gov)
  5. Onsite Sewage Forms and Application Fees, quoted and re-checked
  6. Residential Plan Submission Checklist, quoted and re-checked
  7. Hampton & Peninsula Health Districts, Office of Environmental Health - Peninsula Health Center (vdh.virginia.gov)
  8. Residential Plan Submission Checklist, quoted and re-checked
  9. City of Newport News Department of Codes Compliance (nnva.gov)
  10. Share of soils USDA rates "not limited" for a conventional septic drain field (SSURGO). A strict rating: the median county is about 6% and a tenth of counties are 0%, so a low figure means most lots need a site evaluation or an engineered system, not that septic is impossible. Cite it only with that caveat: Bolthole Index county data
  11. Private Well Program, quoted and re-checked
  12. Short Term Rentals, quoted and re-checked
  13. Residential Plan Submission Checklist, quoted and re-checked
  14. § 54.1-1101. Exemptions; failure to obtain certificate of occupancy; penalties (Virginia statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
  15. Codes Compliance, quoted and re-checked
  16. 13VAC5-63-80. Section 108 Application for permit, quoted and re-checked
  17. § 36-105. Enforcement of Code; inspection of buildings; issuance of permits, quoted and re-checked
  18. 13VAC5-63-160. Section 116 Certificates of occupancy (Virginia statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
  19. Permit Applications, quoted and re-checked
  20. Newport News Permit Fees, quoted and re-checked
  21. Zoning Division, quoted and re-checked
  22. FAQs, quoted and re-checked
  23. nnva.gov, quoted and re-checked
  24. nnva.gov, quoted and re-checked
  25. Development Plan, quoted and re-checked
  26. Zoning Division, quoted and re-checked
  27. Onsite Sewage Forms and Application Fees, quoted and re-checked
  28. Onsite Sewage Forms and Application Fees, quoted and re-checked
  29. Virginia Sewage Handling and Disposal Regulations, quoted and re-checked
  30. Onsite Sewage Forms and Application Fees, quoted and re-checked
  31. 12VAC5-450 Rules and Regulations Governing Campgrounds (Virginia statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
  32. § 15.2-2290. Uniform regulations for manufactured housing (Virginia statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
  33. Build Responsibly, quoted and re-checked
  34. Driveway Policy, quoted and re-checked
  35. Typical home value (Zillow): Bolthole Index county data
  36. Effective property tax rate: Bolthole Index county data
  37. Median property tax bill: Bolthole Index county data

Written October 9, 2026 from the rules quoted below, each taken from an official source and re-checked by an independent reviewer. This is research, not legal advice: rules change, so confirm with the office before you buy or build.

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Compared with neighboring counties

Like all 6 of its neighbors, Newport News City requires a building permit for a home.

RuleNewport News CityHampton CityPoquoson CityYork CountyPortsmouth CityIsle of Wight CountyNorfolk City
Building permitRequiredRequiredRequiredRequiredRequiredRequiredRequired
County zoningYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Septic permitsVA Dept. of HealthVDHVA Dept. of HealthVA Dept. of HealthVA Dept. of HealthVA Dept. of HealthVA Dept. of Health

County locator

Newport News City in Virginia

30
County map
Newport News City highlighted among the Virginia counties · colored by Index score

How Newport News City scores

Seclusion17100% ev.
Self-Sufficiency1584% ev.
Admin Boringness43100% ev.
Durability86100% ev.
Property Autonomy66100% ev.
Carry Cost45100% ev.

Evidence strength: 96%. This reports direct-source completeness and fallback use; it is separate from the score and is not a confidence interval. How it works →

$297kTypical home
1%Property tax
$16,424Land / acre
48.5"Annual rain
0% of yrsSevere drought
4.2 / yr (+3.8)Mid-century 100°F days
13.1 daysMid-century dry spell
2.7" (+8.4%)Mid-century 1-day rain
1.38×Wildfire change factor
100%Forward climate coverage
$1,560Home insurance / yr
2.1% / yrInsurance growth
2.81%Nonrenewal rate
county median (2+ published ZIPs)Insurance basis
718,967People within 30 min
3,629,877People within 2 hr
638,520Radius comparison (15 mi)
2,654.3People / sq mi
17.9%Federal land
98.4%Land at 15% slope or less
0%Soils rated "not limited" for septic (strict USDA rating)
0 acWorkable land screen
73.4 tonsBiomass / forest ac
60.2°FAvg temp

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Cities and towns in Newport News City

Inside a city or town, that city usually issues building permits and sets zoning; the county’s rules above cover unincorporated land. Septic, wells and floodplain rules usually stay with the county or state everywhere.

Answers from the rulebook for Newport News City

What the ordinances and state agencies actually say — one answer per question, each quoted from the official source and independently re-checked.

Newport News City rules

  • InspectionsLimited

    Residential rental dwelling units covered by Newport News rental inspection districts.

    • The requirement applies only to dwelling units covered by the city's rental inspection districts.
    • The page identifies Neighborhood Statistical Areas 1, 2, 3, and 8.
    “ordinances establishing rental inspection districts in the City of Newport News that require owners of residential rental property to obtain and permit inspection”
  • County-wide zoningPresent (with conditions)

    Citywide land-use and zoning regulation administered by Newport News Planning and Zoning.

    • The official page directs users to the City Code of Ordinances for the operative zoning provisions.
    “Through transparent and equitable zoning regulations, we strive to create a resilient and vibrant Newport News that balances economic prosperity, environmental stewardship, and social well-being, fostering a sense of pride and belonging among our diverse population.”
  • Local zoningPresent (with conditions)

    Newport News city zoning administered through the City Planning Department's Zoning Division.

    • The page identifies zoning applications including short-term rental, zone verification, and zoning certification.
    “Apply online through the Citizen Self Service Portal for the following applications: [...] Short-term Rental [...] Zone Verification Letter [...] Zoning Certification”
  • Mandatory utility hookupSewer (with conditions)

    Residential building permit submissions requiring sewer-related documentation.

    • A sewer tap fee receipt or waiver may be required.
    • An HRSD service fee receipt or waiver may be required; HRSD is not a City of Newport News department.
    “Sewer Tap Fee Receipt or Waiver. (Development Services Dept.757-926-8761) [...] Hampton Roads Sanitation District (HRSD) service fee receipt or waiver. (757-833-1720, not a City of Newport News department)”
  • Subdividing landRegulated (with conditions)

    Any proposed subdivision of land in Newport News city.

    • A preliminary development plan is required for more than 50 lots, extension of an existing street, or creation of a new street.
    • A development plan is required when subdivision increases or may increase residential, commercial, or industrial density.
    • Incomplete packages will not be accepted or distributed for review.

    preliminary development plan threshold: > 50 lots (also required for extension of an existing street or creation of a new street)

    “Any proposed subdivision of land requires the submission and approval of a development plan and a final subdivision plat. [...] A subdivision of land of more than fifty (50) lots, the extension of an existing street(s), or the creation of a new street or streets requires submission of a preliminary development plan for review.”
  • Driveway accessRequired

    Creation, repair, modification, or removal of driveways and ramps within Newport News city right-of-way.

    • Vehicle access may occur only over an approved driveway or ramp.
    • Construction must follow city-approved plans and standards.
    • The property owner bears construction, repair, and restoration costs.
    “No person shall install any curb and gutter or lower the curb on any street, or create, repair or modify any driveway or ramp, either temporary or permanent, within the right-of-way lines of the city, without first obtaining a permit therefore from the director of public works under the provisions of this article.”
  • Building in a floodplainRequired

    New construction and substantial improvements in the FEMA Special Flood Hazard Area within Newport News city.

    • Requirements apply to new construction and major building renovations defined as substantial improvements.
    • The lowest floor must be above base flood elevation plus two feet.
    • An elevation certificate is required before, during, and after construction.
    • Flood vents must be no higher than one foot above adjacent grade.
    • Sanitary sewer facilities must be elevated two feet above base flood elevation.
    • A substantial improvement is generally work costing 50 percent or more of pre-improvement market value; substantial damage repairs are treated as substantial improvements.

    freeboard above BFE: 2 feet · substantial improvement threshold: >= 50 percent of pre-improvement market value (excluding land, accessory structures, and landscaping)

    “High-risk flood areas have special permit requirements. Before you build, fill, alter, or grade your property, always check with the Department of Codes Compliance at 757-933-2311 to find out which permits apply.”
  • Short-term rentalsLimited

    Short-term rentals of fewer than 30 days in Newport News city.

    • A permit is required.
    • The host must use a primary residence at least 185 days per year.
    • Detached structures are not allowed.
    • The limit is up to six lodgers and two per bedroom.
    • Commercial gatherings, loud noise or code violations, and multiple simultaneous rentals are prohibited.
    • A business license, guest log, and transient occupancy tax are also required.

    primary residence occupancy: >= 185 days/year · maximum lodgers: <= 6 persons (maximum two per bedroom)

    “Operating a short-term rental (STR) in Newport News without a permit violates Zoning Ordinance §45-517.1. All STR hosts must meet safety, zoning, and neighborhood standards. [...] Must be your primary residence (185+ days/year) [...] Up to 6 lodgers, max 2 per bedroom”
  • Permit feesPublished (with conditions)

    Newport News residential plan-review and related permit fees.

    • Plan-review fees are listed by project size.
    • Additional fees or permits may apply.
    • The checklist directs applicants to separate permit and plan-examination fee schedules.

    plan review fee for 0-2499 square feet: 30 USD · plan review fee for 2500-4999 square feet: 55 USD · plan review fee for 5000 square feet and above: 110 USD

    “Plan Review Fees: 0-2499 sf $30.00 2500-4999 sf $55.00 5000 sf - Above $110.00”

Virginia rules that apply here

  • Building permitRequired

    Construction or demolition of buildings or structures, and the listed installations or alterations, throughout Virginia under the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code.

    • A permit must be obtained before commencement of construction or demolition of a building or structure and specified installations or alterations.
    • For emergency construction, alterations, or equipment replacement, the application must be submitted by the end of the first working day after work commences; the building official may authorize work to commence pending receipt of the application or issuance of the permit.
    • Applications and related inspections are not required for the listed exemptions, including specified low-voltage or communications installations; one-story detached tool or storage sheds, playhouses, or similar structures not exceeding 256 square feet and not classified as Group F-1 or H; detached utility buildings not exceeding 150 square feet; tents or air-supported structures covering 900 square feet or less with occupant load of 50 or less; fences subject to stated exceptions; concrete or masonry walls not exceeding six feet; qualifying retaining walls supporting less than three feet of unbalanced fill; qualifying swimming pools not exceeding 150 square feet and less than 24 inches deep; qualifying signs; same-capacity replacement LP-gas containers; flagpoles 30 feet or less; qualifying temporary ramps; minor and ordinary construction work; listed ordinary repairs; qualifying crypts, mausoleums, and columbaria not exceeding 1,500 square feet; and billboard safety upgrades.
    • A permit may nevertheless be required for exempt replacement siding, roofing, and windows in a locality-designated historic district or for exempt items in a special flood hazard area.
    • A permit applicant must provide proof of contractor licensure or certification, or a written statement that the applicant is not subject to contractor or subcontractor licensure or certification; the applicant must also provide proof that required county, city, or town taxes or license fees have been paid.

    detached exempt structure area: <= 256 square feet (must be one story, detached, used as a tool or storage shed, playhouse, or similar use, and not Group F-1 or H) · detached utility building area: <= 150 square feet (must house publicly regulated utility equipment) · tent or air-supported structure area: <= 900 square feet (occupant load must be 50 or less) · concrete or masonry wall height: <= 6 feet (measured above finished grade) · retaining wall unbalanced fill: < 3 feet (must not impound Class I, II, or III-A liquids or support a surcharge other than ordinary unbalanced fill) · small swimming pool surface area: <= 150 square feet (must be less than 24 inches deep) · flagpole height: <= 30 feet · temporary dwelling ramp entrance height: <= 30 inches (serving Groups R-3 or R-5 dwelling units) · crypt, mausoleum, or columbarium area: <= 1500 square feet (must not be for occupancy, must be used solely for interment, and must not be subject to special inspections)

    “Application for a permit shall be made to the building official and a permit shall be obtained prior to the commencement of any of the following activities, except that applications for emergency construction, alterations, or equipment replacement shall be submitted by the end of the first working day that follows the day such work commences.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Required — Construction or demolition of a building or structure, and listed installations or alterations governed by the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code, including work in Newport News city.
      “Application for a permit shall be made to the building official and a permit shall be obtained prior to the commencement of any of the following activities”
  • Owner-builder exemptionConditional

    A person performing or supervising construction, removal, repair, or improvement of one primary residence owned by that person and for that person's own use, for contractor-licensing purposes.

    • The exemption is limited to no more than one primary residence owned by the person and for the person's own use during any 24-month period.
    • The exemption from contractor licensing does not exempt the work from the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code.
    • If the person is exempt under subdivision A 7 and conveys the property to a third-party purchaser, the person must obtain a certificate of occupancy before conveyance unless the purchaser acknowledges in writing that no certificate of occupancy has been issued and consents to acquire the property without one.
    • The exemption concerns Chapter 11 contractor licensing; applicable building permits and inspections remain governed by the Uniform Statewide Building Code.

    primary residences per 24-month period: <= 1 residence (residence must be owned by the person and for the person's own use)

    “Any person who performs or supervises the construction, removal, repair, or improvement of no more than one primary residence owned by him and for his own use during any 24-month period;”
  • Building code adoptedAdopted (with conditions)

    Construction of new buildings, structures, and additions; maintenance, repair, renovation, and changes in use of existing buildings and structures throughout Virginia.

    • The Board of Housing and Community Development adopts and amends the USBC.
    • Enforcement is the responsibility of the local government's building inspections department.
    • The Uniform Statewide Building Code does not supersede other state-agency regulations governing building-related activities not covered by the USBC, including public water supply systems, wastewater treatment and disposal systems, and solid waste facilities.
    • The Code does not supersede specified proffered conditions, special exceptions, special or conditional use permits, variances, clustering and open-space development conditions, airport or highway overlay-district requirements, historic-district requirements, or local floodplain regulations adopted for participation in the National Flood Insurance Program.

    current adopted code edition: 2021 Uniform Statewide Building Code · effective date: 2024-01-18 · adopted referenced electrical code: 2020 National Electrical Code

    “The effective date of the 2021 Uniform Statewide Building Code, 2021 Statewide Fire Prevention Code, 2021 Industrialized Building Safety Regulations and the 2021 Amusement Device Regulations is Jan. 18, 2024.”
    2 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Adopted (with conditions) — Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code as enforced by Newport News Codes Compliance.
      “These divisions consist of over 20 inspectors who enforce laws and regulations set forth by the various federal, state and local agencies, including: [...] The Uniform Statewide Building Code (USBC)”
    • Adopted — Building construction in Newport News subject to the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code.
      “The Board of Housing and Community Development adopts and amends the USBC.”
  • Certificate of occupancyRequired

    Occupancy or change of occupancy of buildings or structures regulated by the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code.

    • A certificate of occupancy must be obtained before occupancy or change of occupancy.
    • The building official issues it within five working days after approval of the final inspection and determination of compliance with the code and pertinent laws or ordinances.
    • A certificate of occupancy is not required for an IRC accessory structure.
    • A new certificate of occupancy is not required for an addition to an existing Group R-5 building that already has a certificate of occupancy.
    • A temporary certificate may be issued before completion if the portion can be occupied safely without endangering life or public safety.
    • For certain contractor-license exemptions, a certificate of occupancy must still be obtained before conveying the property to a third-party purchaser unless the purchaser acknowledges in writing that none was issued and consents to acquire without one.

    certificate issuance deadline after final inspection approval: 5 working days (when the building or structure is determined to comply with the code and pertinent laws or ordinances)

    “Prior to occupancy or change of occupancy of a building or structure, a certificate of occupancy shall be obtained in accordance with this section.”
  • Manufactured homesLimited

    Placement and occupancy of manufactured homes in Virginia localities that adopt and enforce zoning ordinances.

    • In agricultural zoning districts, or similarly classified districts where agricultural, horticultural, or forest uses are dominant and site-built housing is allowed, placement of manufactured homes must be permitted.
    • In other zoning districts where site-built housing is allowed, the manufactured home must be converted to real property under § 46.2-653.1, have its certificate of occupancy issued within five years following the manufacture date on the data plate, and be placed on an individual lot.
    • Localities may adopt uniform standards applying to all residential structures in the zoning district, but those standards may not exclude manufactured housing compliant with the Virginia Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Law.
    • Restrictive covenants may continue to impose obligations.
    • Local zoning and land-use controls that do not affect construction or installation remain in force; site preparation, utility connections, skirting, and maintenance must meet the Uniform Statewide Building Code.

    certificate of occupancy deadline from manufacture date: <= 5 years (date listed on the home's data plate) · placement requirement: individual lots

    “the placement of manufactured homes shall be permitted for manufactured homes that are (i) converted to real property in accordance with § 46.2-653.1”
  • Accessory dwellingsAllowed (with conditions)

    Accessory dwelling units on residential dwelling lots in single-family residential zoning districts, under Virginia Code § 15.2-2292.4 effective July 1, 2027.

    • The ADU must be attached or detached, provide complete independent living facilities, be on the same lot as a proposed or existing primary residence, and include facilities for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitation.
    • The locality must treat ADUs as a permitted accessory use in single-family residential zoning districts, subject to the statute's listed exceptions and conditions.
    • An applicant must first obtain an ADU permit from the locality; the locality may charge no more than $500 for that permit, in addition to applicable inspection, site, or building permit fees.
    • Localities may require a rental lease term of at least 30 consecutive days; replacement or dedicated parking; floor-area, lot-coverage, and impervious-area limits of at least 350 square feet on lots under 2,500 square feet and at least 500 square feet on lots of 2,500 square feet or greater; building-code, water, sewer, septic, emergency-access, flood-zone, stormwater, historic-district, corridor-protection, and Air Installations Compatible Use Zone compliance; owner occupancy of either the ADU or primary dwelling at application; an ADU no more than 500 feet from the primary dwelling; no ADU on a residential lot with more than one dwelling unit; and no separate sale or subdivision from the primary dwelling.
    • Localities may not require rear or side setbacks greater than those applicable to the primary dwelling or accessory structures, more restrictive ADU restrictions regarding height, rear or side setbacks, lot size or coverage, or building frontage than for single-family dwellings in the same zoning area, restrictive covenants concerning an ADU on a qualifying lot, public-street improvements except for repair or reconstruction of construction-related disturbance, or consanguinity or affinity between occupants.
    • The statute does not supersede private contracts, recorded declarations, condominium instruments, common-interest-community declarations, cooperative instruments, or property-owners'-association declarations.
    • The statute does not apply to existing ADU permits approved before July 1, 2027.
    • The statute does not restrict a locality from passing before July 1, 2027, an ADU ordinance or amendment that substantially complies with the statute.
    • The statute does not apply to a locality that adopted an ADU ordinance before January 1, 2026.

    ADU permit fee maximum: <= 500 USD (Additional inspection, site, or building permit fees may apply.) · minimum floor-area limit on lots under 2,500 square feet: >= 350 square feet (Locality may impose limits on floor area, lot coverage, and impervious area.) · minimum floor-area limit on lots of at least 2,500 square feet: >= 500 square feet (Locality may impose limits on floor area, lot coverage, and impervious area.) · maximum ADU distance from primary dwelling: <= 500 feet (A locality may require this limit.) · effective date: 2027-07-01

    “§ 15.2-2292.4. (Effective July 1, 2027) Development and use of accessory dwelling units. [...] Zoning ordinances for single-family residential zoning districts shall be deemed to include accessory dwelling units as a permitted accessory use, and no locality shall require compliance with any other requirements except as provided in this section.”
  • Who permits septicState

    Statewide supervision and control of onsite sewage systems, alternative discharging sewage systems, and treatment works affecting public health and welfare.

    • Local or district health departments administer application, inspection, and permit functions under the statewide framework.
    • Alternative discharging sewage systems are also subject to applicable State Water Control Board regulations and permits.
    “The Board shall have supervision and control over the safe and sanitary collection, conveyance, transportation, treatment, and disposal of sewage by onsite sewage systems and alternative discharging sewage systems, and treatment works as they affect the public health and welfare.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • State (with conditions) — Onsite sewage systems and private wells in Newport News where those systems are used.
      “Division of Onsite Water and Wastewater Services”
  • Septic permitRequired

    Construction, operation, expansion, or modification of a sewage disposal or handling system in Virginia.

    • A written construction permit is required before construction, expansion, or modification.
    • A written operation permit is required for sewage disposal systems constructed after the effective date of the chapter.
    • Permit conditions may be imposed and must be followed.
    • The $75 statutory onsite sewage permit application fee may be waived for applicants below federal poverty guidelines or applications for a pit privy or repair of a failing onsite sewage system; the fee is refunded if the Department denies a permit for land on which the applicant seeks to construct a principal residence.

    onsite sewage permit application fee: 75 USD (Statutory fee; waiver and refund provisions apply as stated in § 32.1-164(C).)

    “No person or owner shall construct, operate, expand or modify a sewage disposal or handling system without a written permit from the commissioner.”
    2 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Required — Construction of onsite sewage systems in Virginia, including applicable Newport News properties not served by public sewer.
      “Construction permit for onsite sewage system only, no OSE/PE documentation | $425 [...] Construction permit for only onsite sewage with OSE/PE documentation, <1,000 gpd | $225”
    • Required — Construction or expansion of onsite sewage systems in Newport News.
      “Construction permit for onsite sewage system only, no OSE/PE documentation”
  • Septic inspectionRequired

    Construction or modification of onsite sewage disposal systems in Newport News city.

    • No part of an installation may be covered with earth or used until inspected, corrections are made if necessary, and the installation is approved by the district or local health department, unless expressly authorized otherwise.
    • The cited inspection rule does not apply to an installation pursuant to a design certified by a licensed professional engineer or onsite soil evaluator; those designs have separate inspection-report requirements.
    • The rule is inapplicable to a Type III septage disposal facility.
    • For certified professional designs, the certifying professional must inspect and submit a signed inspection report; the department may inspect but is not required to do so under that provision.
    • An operation permit is issued after satisfactory completion of the applicable inspection requirements.
    “No part of any installation shall be covered with earth or used until inspected, corrections made if necessary, and approved, by the district or local health department”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Limited — Installation of sewage disposal systems statewide.
      “This section shall not apply to any sewage disposal system installation that is pursuant to a design certified by a licensed professional engineer or onsite soil evaluator.”
  • Well permitRequired

    Private well construction in Virginia, including applicable Newport News properties.

    • The application is submitted and paid at the local health department.
    • A sanitary survey must be approved before issuance.
    • The local health department inspects the well after construction.

    private well construction or abandonment permit fee: 300 USD (with or without OSE/PE documentation)

    “Once the sanitary survey is approved, you will be issued a private well Construction Permit. This document will be used by a licensed Water Well System Provider to install and construct your well. Following construction, LOCAL HEALTH DEPARTMENT personnel will inspect the well in order to approve it for use.”
    2 more reviewed findings on this topic
    • Required — Construction or abandonment of private wells in Newport News.
      “Private well construction or abandonment permit”
    • Required — Construction of private wells in Virginia, including Newport News.
      “Once the sanitary survey is approved, you will be issued a private well Construction Permit. This document will be used by a licensed Water Well System Provider to install and construct your well. Following construction, LOCAL HEALTH DEPARTMENT personnel will inspect the well in order to approve it for use.”
  • Agricultural exemptionConditional

    Farm buildings and structures under the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code.

    • A farm building or structure is not used for residential purposes, is located on property where farming operations take place, and is used primarily for a listed farm use.
    • The exemption does not apply to a building or portion of a building on a farm that is operated as a restaurant and licensed by the Board of Health under Chapter 2 (§ 35.1-11 et seq.) of Title 35.1.
    • Farm buildings and structures in a flood plain or mudslide-prone area remain subject to applicable flood-proofing or mudslide regulations.
    • A qualifying agritourism farm building or structure where the public is invited to enter and which is used for display, sampling, or sale described in § 36-99 must have portable fire extinguishers, a simple written emergency plan, and the required exemption sign.
    “Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, farm buildings and structures shall be exempt from the provisions of the Building Code, except for a building or a portion of a building located on a farm that is operated as a restaurant as defined in § 35.1-1 and licensed as such by the Board of Health pursuant to Chapter 2 (§ 35.1-11 et seq.) of Title 35.1.”
  • Permit processPublished (with conditions)

    Construction, demolition, regulated installations, and related permit applications under the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code.

    • A permit application must be made to the building official and a permit obtained before covered work begins.
    • Emergency construction, alterations, or equipment replacement applications are due by the end of the first working day after work begins.
    • The building official may authorize work to begin while an application or permit is pending.
    • Applications may be submitted by mail and processed by mail unless the jurisdiction offers online processing or the applicant voluntarily chooses otherwise; an applicant may not be required to appear in person.
    • The application form is supplied by the local building department and must include a general description and location of the proposed work and other information required by the building official.
    • An application is abandoned six months after filing unless pursued in good faith or a permit is issued; the building official may grant extensions for justifiable cause.
    “Application for a permit shall be made to the building official and a permit shall be obtained prior to the commencement of any of the following activities, except that applications for emergency construction, alterations, or equipment replacement shall be submitted by the end of the first working day that follows the day such work commences.”
  • Campground & park staysLimited

    Recreational vehicles and other camping units offered as campsites in Virginia campgrounds, including facilities with three or more campsites and travel-trailer camps; this claim does not establish a general residential right to occupy an RV outside the specified campground framework.

    • A campground includes land or facilities accommodating camping units for periods of overnight or longer and includes travel trailer camps.
    • A campground must be permitted by the Virginia Department of Health and is inspected annually by local health department staff.
    • Offering three or more campsites may require a campground permit, including short-term or online-advertised camping.
    • Temporary campground permits allow up to 14 days of temporary camping, consecutively or nonconsecutively, within a 60-day period.
    • Temporary campgrounds must provide at least one portable toilet per 75 campers, make sewage-tank pumping available when RVs are present, and provide an acceptable water source.
    • The statutory definition excludes property where an individual owner may choose to camp, provided the owner is not prohibited or encumbered by covenants, restrictions, or conditions from providing sanitary facilities within the owner's property lines.
    • Other exclusions include summer camps, migrant labor camps, parks for manufactured homes, construction camps, and storage areas for unoccupied camping units.

    minimum campsites for campground definition: >= 3 campsites (The individual-owner camping exception and other statutory exclusions apply.) · temporary campground permit duration: <= 14 days (In a 60-day period, consecutively or nonconsecutively.) · temporary campground permit period: 60 days · portable toilets: per 1 per 75 campers (Temporary campgrounds.)

    “"Campground" means any area, place, parcel, or tract of land, by whatever name called, on which three or more campsites are occupied or intended for occupancy, or facilities are established or maintained, wholly or in part, for the accommodation of camping units for periods of overnight or longer [...] "Camping unit" means any device or vehicular type structure for use as temporary living quarters or shelter during periods of recreation, vacation, leisure time, or travel, including any tent, tent trailer, travel trailer, camping trailer, pickup camper, or motor home.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
  • county zoning authorityGeneral

    Virginia counties adopting and administering zoning ordinances over unincorporated territory statewide.

    • The zoning power is exercised by county governing bodies through ordinance.
    • County zoning jurisdiction covers unincorporated territory; incorporated areas are under municipal jurisdiction.
    • The statute permits regulation of land uses, structures, dimensional standards, open spaces, and excavation or mining, including residential and flood-plain uses.
    “For the purpose of zoning, the governing body of a county shall have jurisdiction over all the unincorporated territory in the county, and the governing body of a municipality shall have jurisdiction over the incorporated area of the municipality.”
  • county building authorityGeneral

    Virginia counties administering and enforcing the Uniform Statewide Building Code and issuing building permits for construction, including residential construction, in county jurisdiction.

    • Virginia's building code is a Uniform Statewide Building Code adopted by the State Board; it supersedes county building codes and regulations.
    • The county's role is local administration and enforcement through a local building department, not independent adoption of a conflicting county building code.
    • A county without a building department or local board of Building Code appeals must enter an agreement with another county, municipality, agency, or approved state agency for enforcement and appeals.
    • A town with a population of less than 3,500 may elect to administer and enforce the Building Code; if it does not, the county administers and enforces the Code for that town.
    • Buildings may be inspected before completion and are not deemed compliant until approved by the inspecting authority; inspections under $2,500 construction cost may be waived at the inspecting authority's discretion.
    • Building permit and enforcement fees may be levied by the local governing body.
    • Farm buildings and structures are exempt from the Building Code except for a farm building or portion operated as a licensed restaurant; farm buildings in flood plains or mudslide-prone areas remain subject to applicable flood-proofing or mudslide regulations.

    small-town population threshold: < 3500 people (The town may elect to administer and enforce the Building Code; otherwise the county administers it for the town.) · inspection-waiver construction cost threshold: < 2500 USD (The inspecting authority may waive inspection at its discretion.)

    “Enforcement of the provisions of the Building Code for construction and rehabilitation shall be the responsibility of the local building department. [...] Whenever a county or a municipality does not have such a building department or board of Building Code appeals, the local governing body shall enter into an agreement with the local governing body of another county or municipality or with some other agency, or a state agency approved by the Department for such enforcement and appeals resulting therefrom.”

Inside cities and towns in Newport News City

Municipal rules found while researching the county. They apply inside that city or town, not to unincorporated land.

  • Building permitRequired

    Residential building construction and related work in Newport News.

    • Residential permit applications require plans, site information, and applicable supporting documents.
    • A Contractor Exemption Affidavit is required only if no licensed contractor is responsible.
    “The following items must be included with residential permit applications at the time of submittal. [...] Completed building permit application.”
  • Owner-builder exemptionAvailable (with conditions)

    Residential permit applications where no licensed contractor is responsible for the work.

    • The exemption affidavit is required only if no licensed contractor is responsible.
    “Contractor Exemption Affidavit: Required only if no licensed contractor is responsible for work.”
  • Building code adoptedPartial

    Building-code administration and enforcement in Newport News.

    • The city page identifies the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code and other codes enforced by the Department of Codes Compliance; the page does not state a separate locally adopted building-code text.
    “These divisions consist of over 20 inspectors who enforce laws and regulations set forth by the various federal, state and local agencies, including: The Uniform Statewide Building Code (USBC) The International Code Council Family of Codes (I-Codes) (ICC) Other related electrical, plumbing, mechanical / gas, elevator and amusement device regulations”
  • Local zoningPresent (with conditions)

    Zoning regulation within the City of Newport News.

    • The city Planning Department's Zoning Division administers local zoning regulations.
    “Through transparent and equitable zoning regulations, we strive to create a resilient and vibrant Newport News that balances economic prosperity, environmental stewardship, and social well-being, fostering a sense of pride and belonging among our diverse population.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Present — Citywide zoning administered by the Newport News Planning Department and governed by the City Code.
      “Zoning is a division of the Planning Department”
  • Zoning districtsPublished (with conditions)

    Newport News zoning districts and associated regulations.

    • The city FAQ directs users to the Zoning Ordinance page for all districts and associated regulations.
    “Our Zoning Ordinance page contains all districts and associated regulations”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Published — Newport News zoning districts and their associated regulations.
      “Our Zoning Ordinance page contains all districts and associated regulations”
  • Minimum lot sizeDistrict specific (with conditions)

    Minimum lot size requirements in Newport News zoning districts.

    • The applicable numeric limit depends on the zoning district; the opened FAQ did not provide the district-specific figures.
    “Each zoning district has regulations associated with it for things such as uses allowed, setback requirements, minimum lot size, etc.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Specified — Lots in Newport News zoning districts.
      “Each zoning district has regulations associated with it for things such as uses allowed, setback requirements, minimum lot size, etc. Our Zoning Ordinance page contains all districts and associated regulations”
  • SetbacksDistrict specific (with conditions)

    Setback requirements in Newport News zoning districts.

    • The applicable numeric limit depends on the zoning district; the opened FAQ did not provide the district-specific figures.
    “Each zoning district has regulations associated with it for things such as uses allowed, setback requirements, minimum lot size, etc.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Specified — Setbacks in Newport News zoning districts.
      “Each zoning district has regulations associated with it for things such as uses allowed, setback requirements, minimum lot size, etc. Our Zoning Ordinance page contains all districts and associated regulations”
  • Mandatory utility hookupSewer (with conditions)

    New residential development and additions requiring city development approvals.

    • The residential permit checklist states that a sewer tap fee receipt or waiver, a right-of-way permit, land-disturbance approval, and Hampton Roads Sanitation District service-fee receipt or waiver may be required before final building-permit approval.
    “The following fees may be required and additional applicable permits issued prior to final approval of building permit. [...] Sewer Tap Fee Receipt or Waiver. (Development Services Dept.757-926-8761) [...] Hampton Roads Sanitation District (HRSD) service fee receipt or waiver. (757-833-1720, not a City of Newport News department)”
  • Subdividing landRegulated (with conditions)

    Any proposed subdivision of land in Newport News.

    • More than fifty lots, street extensions, or new streets require a preliminary development plan.
    • Subdivisions increasing or potentially increasing residential, commercial, or industrial density require a development plan.
    • Initial review is forty days and revised review is thirty days.
    • Incomplete submission packages are not accepted.

    preliminary development plan initial filing fee: 250 USD (plus $10 per lot) · development plan initial filing fee: 400 USD (plus $30 per lot) · initial review period: 40 days · revised review period: 30 days

    “Any proposed subdivision of land requires the submission and approval of a development plan and a final subdivision plat.”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Regulated (with conditions) — Subdivision and development review in Newport News.
      “There are numerous tools to implement the comprehensive plan. They include the zoning ordinance, subdivision ordinance, capital improvements program, and site plan review.”
  • Driveway accessRequired

    Driveways or ramps within Newport News city right-of-way.

    • Access is allowed only over an approved driveway or ramp.
    • A permit from the director of public works is required before installing, creating, repairing, or modifying a driveway or ramp within city right-of-way.
    • Construction must follow approved plans and city standards.
    • Costs and ongoing repair responsibilities are assigned to the property owner.
    “without first obtaining a permit therefore from the director of public works under the provisions of this article.”
  • Building in a floodplainRequired

    New construction, substantial improvements, filling, alteration, or grading in Newport News flood-prone areas, especially the FEMA Special Flood Hazard Area.

    • In the SFHA, the lowest floor must be above BFE plus two feet.
    • A licensed-surveyor Elevation Certificate is required before, during, and after construction.
    • Flood vents must be no higher than one foot above adjacent grade.
    • Utility systems must minimize flood damage; sanitary sewer facilities must be elevated two feet above BFE.
    • For substantial improvements, work costing 50% or more of pre-improvement market value must comply with current floodplain standards.
    • High-risk areas have special permit requirements, including accessory structures of any size.

    freeboard: >= 2 feet above BFE · substantial improvement threshold: >= 50 percent of pre-improvement market value (excluding land, accessory structures, and landscaping)

    “High-risk flood areas have special permit requirements.”
  • Short-term rentalsLimited

    Short-term rentals in Newport News.

    • A permit is required for stays of fewer than 30 days.
    • The host's primary residence must be used 185 or more days per year.
    • Detached structures are not allowed.
    • The limit is up to six lodgers, with a maximum of two per bedroom.
    • Commercial gatherings, multiple simultaneous rentals, and loud-noise or code violations are prohibited.
    • A business license, guest log, and transient-occupancy-tax payment are also required.

    minimum primary-residence occupancy: >= 185 days/year · maximum lodgers: <= 6 persons (maximum 2 per bedroom) · minimum stay threshold for permit: < 30 days (permit required)

    “Must be your primary residence (185+ days/year) No detached structures allowed Up to 6 lodgers, max 2 per bedroom”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Limited — Short-term rentals in Newport News.
      “required permits and tax obligations to safety standards and annual compliance needs.”
  • Permit feesPublished (with conditions)

    Newport News building, plumbing, electrical, and mechanical permit fees.

    • The cited fee schedule is marked Effective July 1, 2009 and includes a 2.0% state surcharge.
    • The schedule states work started before the appropriate permit is obtained is subject to a double fee, except specified emergencies.

    minimum building permit fee: 56.1 USD · residential plan review fee 0-2499 square feet: 30 USD · residential plan review fee 2500-4999 square feet: 55 USD · residential plan review fee 5000 square feet and above: 110 USD

    “The minimum fee for any building permit shall be fifty-six dollars and ten cents ($56.10).”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Published (with conditions) — Residential building-plan review fees in Newport News.
      “Plan Review Fees: 0-2499 sf $30.00 2500-4999 sf $55.00 5000 sf - Above $110.00”
  • Permit processPublished (with conditions)

    Newport News permit and plan submissions.

    • Applications may be submitted through the Citizen Self Service Portal.
    • The portal supports permit/plan applications, searching existing permits, inspections, and code cases, and invoice payment.
    • Residential permit submissions require specified plans, site information, and supporting documents.
    “You can also visit our Citizen Self Service Portal where you can: Apply for a permit or plan Search existing permits, plans, inspections or code cases Pay individual invoices”
    One more reviewed finding on this topic
    • Published (with conditions) — City permit and plan applications in Newport News.
      “You can also visit our Citizen Self Service Portal where you can: Apply for a permit or plan Search existing permits, plans, inspections or code cases Pay individual invoices”

Still unanswered

We looked and could not find an official answer yet. Silence is not permission — ask the county directly.

  • Minimum dwelling size — Minimum dwelling size requirements in Newport News city.
  • Lot coverage — Lot-coverage requirements in Newport News city.
  • Building height — Building-height requirements in Newport News city.
  • Living in an RV — RV occupancy on private property in Newport News city.
  • Camping on your land — Temporary camping on private property in Newport News city.
2 more unanswered
  • Tiny homes
  • Off-grid sanitation

Each answer was extracted from an official source and independently re-checked against that source by a second reviewer. That is an evidence check, not legal advice. Rules change; confirm with the authority before you buy or build.

Water rights & wells in Newport News City

Whether a new home can legally get its own water here — the sub-state groundwater regime, from Virginia’s water agency.

Over-appropriated / declining

The aquifer here is over-appropriated and declining. A domestic well is usually still permit-exempt, but long-term supply is a genuine risk.

Household wellExempt — no permit or water right

Household wells are exempt from the groundwater withdrawal permit even inside a Groundwater Management Area, but a private well in a GWMA must be registered with DEQ within 30 days (Va. Code 62.1-258); a permit is triggered only at 300,000 gal/month.

Limit: < 300,000 gal/month (no withdrawal permit)

Virginia DEQ — Ground Water Withdrawal Permitting ↗
  • Eastern Virginia Groundwater Management Areapartial of county

    DEQ has imposed mandatory withdrawal reductions on large Coastal Plain permittees because permitted demand exceeds sustainable aquifer yield (declining heads, land subsidence, saltwater-intrusion risk). Household wells (<300,000 gal/mo) are exempt but must be registered. The I-95-west counties (Fairfax, Chesterfield, Hanover, Henrico, Prince William, Spotsylvania, Stafford, Caroline) are included only east of I-95.

    Virginia DEQ / 9VAC25-600-20 ↗

Regulated-riparian state (large uses permitted). Groundwater rules change and basin boundaries follow the aquifer, not the county line — confirm current well and appropriation rules with the Virginia state water agency before you buy or drill.Groundwater governance as of Jul 2026, cited to each administering agency.

Living off-grid in Newport News City, Virginia

Is Newport News City a good place to live off-grid or homestead?

Newport News City scores 30/100 on the Bolthole Index, a weak county profile. Its strengths: mixed durability signals and a stronger property-autonomy legal backdrop. Watch-outs: strong self-sufficiency basics: 48.5″/yr rainfall with little drought and about 718,967 people within a 30-minute drive.

Do you need a building permit in Newport News City, Virginia?

Newport News City generally requires a residential building permit, and it enforces county zoning. Onsite septic is permitted by Virginia Department of Health. Owner-builders may act as their own contractor to build their home. These answers are quoted from official sources and independently re-checked. Rules change and cities within the county differ — always confirm with the county before you buy or build.

How much does land cost in Newport News City, Virginia?

Land in Newport News City runs about $16,424 per acre, based on the latest county data.

What is the water situation in Newport News City?

Newport News City gets about 48.5" of rain a year, with severe drought in roughly 0% of years. On water rights, Newport News City lies in the Eastern Virginia Groundwater Management Area — DEQ has imposed mandatory withdrawal reductions on large Coastal Plain permittees because permitted demand exceeds sustainable aquifer yield (declining heads, land subsidence, saltwater-intrusion risk). Household wells (<300,000 gal/mo) are exempt but must be registered. The I-95-west counties (Fairfax, Chesterfield, Hanover, Henrico, Prince William, Spotsylvania, Stafford, Caroline) are included only east of I-95..

How remote is Newport News City?

A representative private-land location has about 718,967 people within a 30-minute drive and 3,629,877 within two hours. The road-network catchments count population across county lines and clusters of smaller cities; straight-line radius values remain available as a comparison.

How Newport News compares in Virginia

Compare side-by-side →See all 133 Virginia counties ranked →