Unincorporated Washington County, Tennessee requires county building permits for covered construction and alterations, with an exception for qualifying agricultural structures1. The county's zoning office sets zoning in rural, unincorporated territory only, not inside incorporated cities2. Septic permits for any Washington County address come from the state (TDEC's Johnson City field office), not the county, though the county may ask for septic or sewer documentation with a building application34.
At a glance
- Building permit
- Required for covered work in unincorporated areas; agricultural-use exception applies56
- Zoning
- County zoning covers rural, unincorporated areas; Johnson City has its own zoning27
- Septic permits
- Required and issued by TDEC through the Johnson City field office89
- Owner-builder exemption
- County homeowner permit: one project per year; state license exemption: one residence per two years1011
- Inspections and occupancy
- County inspections and a certificate of occupancy are required1213
- Tiny home
- Allowed where single-family dwellings are allowed if site-built on a permanent foundation14
- Driveway access
- County building applications require a driveway permit; road authority depends on road ownership1516
Who to call
Building permits
Washington County Zoning, Planning & Building Codes (Zoning Office)
Building permits, the 2018 IRC building code, zoning for rural unincorporated areas, floodplain management, GIS and stormwater management
100 E Main Street, Suite 103, Jonesborough, TN 37659
Septic permits
TDEC Johnson City Environmental Field Office
Septic (subsurface sewage disposal) permits for Washington County and seven other northeast Tennessee counties
2305 Silverdale Drive, Johnson City, TN 37601-2162
Contact details are copied from each office’s official page and were checked against it on October 11, 2026.
Off-grid gear
Going off-grid in Washington County means bringing your own water and power. The kit we’d start with:
- Water Crystal Quest Filter any source — well, rain, or creek — to drinking-clean.
- Power Bluetti Solar generators and home battery backup for living off the grid.
- Septic Soil percolation test kit Run your own perc test before paying an engineer — the first thing a septic office asks about.
- Water Well water test kit Bacteria, nitrates, hardness — know what the well on a parcel is really pumping.
These are affiliate links — we may earn a commission, at no cost to you. As an Amazon Associate, Bolthole Index earns from qualifying purchases.
Do you need a building permit in Washington County, Tennessee?
Unincorporated Washington County requires permits for buildings, pools, decks, additions, renovations, manufactured housing and grading, while qualifying agricultural structures are excepted1. Washington County has adopted and enforces the 2018 International Residential Code for its residential building-code program1718. County inspections cover the footer, applicable slab, framing, rough-in plumbing and mechanical work, insulation and final work12. A certificate of occupancy must be obtained after all applicable inspections and before a permitted structure is occupied19. A homeowner doing work on the homeowner's own residence may receive a county homeowner permit for one project per year10. That permit rule is distinct from Tennessee's contractor-license exemption, which allows an owner to build one personal residence every two years if it will not be sold, leased or rented11.
Who is the Washington County building department, and how do you reach them?
The Washington County Zoning, Planning & Building Codes office—commonly called the Zoning Office—handles residential building-code work, zoning, floodplain management, GIS and stormwater management20. Reach the office at 100 E Main Street, Suite 103, Jonesborough, TN 37659, phone 423-753-175320. Send building-permit applications and documents to zoning@washingtoncountytn.org20. The county publishes fees for zoning, building, subdivision, grading, stormwater and related permits; building-permit charges vary by project valuation, and starting permit-required work early can trigger a doubled fee unless a listed exception applies21. Ask the Zoning Office for the current building-permit fee for your project20.
Does Washington County have zoning, and what does it mean for your land?
Washington County zoning applies to rural, unincorporated land2. Inside Johnson City, the city administers its own zoning districts and overlays; septic permits remain with TDEC's Johnson City Environmental Field Office739. Washington County adopts a zoning map and publishes district rules, including A-1, A-2, PRD-3 and residential districts; allowed uses and dimensional standards depend on the parcel's district2223. Qualifying agricultural structures are excepted from county zoning-resolution building-permit and regulation provisions6. Tennessee's agricultural zoning protection requires a structure incidental to the agricultural enterprise and excludes specified locations near highways, airports or parks and within the hundred-year floodplain24. In Washington County's R-1 Low Density Residential District, the minimum front yard is 25 feet (30 feet on an arterial street), the rear yard is 30 feet and the side yard is 12 feet, plus 6 feet per story for buildings over two stories25. Building-height controls also vary by district26. Ask the Zoning Office for the parcel's district, minimum lot size and lot-coverage limits; we could not confirm those numeric limits20.
How do septic permits work in Washington County?
TDEC, not the county or a city, administers septic permits for Washington County addresses, inside or outside city limits3. Contact the TDEC Johnson City Environmental Field Office at 2305 Silverdale Drive, Johnson City, TN 37601-2162 or 423-854-54009. A state permit is required to install or repair a septic system, and the county also requires septic documentation for a building permit27. Obtain approval before dirt work or construction of the building pad28. TDEC inspects an installed system before it is covered29. About 31% of Washington County soils are rated without severe limits for a conventional drain field, so evaluate the actual homesite early30. Off-grid domestic waste disposal is not permit-free: a qualifying single-family system still requires construction authorization from the Division of Water Resources31. A qualifying sewer utility may instead require an existing building on an abutting parcel to connect to an available sanitary sewer32.
Can you live in an RV or tiny home on your land in Washington County?
A tiny home is allowed in unincorporated Washington County wherever a single-family dwelling is allowed if it is site-built on a permanent foundation; subdivision and deed restrictions must also be checked14. The tiny home still follows the ordinary county permit, inspection and certificate-of-occupancy process for a dwelling133. Washington County regulates temporary event campgrounds, but those rules do not establish that long-term RV occupancy is allowed on an individual private lot34. We could not confirm a general private-land RV occupancy rule. Before placing or occupying an RV, ask the Zoning Office whether the parcel's district permits that use and what approvals are required20.
What are the steps to build a home in Washington County?
- Ask the Washington County Zoning, Planning & Building Codes office to identify the parcel's zoning district and confirm the proposed use3520.
- Obtain TDEC septic approval before dirt work or building-pad construction, or provide public-sewer documentation where applicable284.
- Prepare the dimensioned sketch or scale plan showing each building's shape, size, height and location36.
- Obtain a driveway permit from the Washington County Highway Department; a state-highway connection instead goes through TDOT151637.
- Submit the county building-permit application and fee before starting covered work521.
- Schedule the required county inspections as construction advances12.
- Complete the final inspection and obtain the certificate of occupancy before moving into the structure33.
What should you check before buying land in Washington County?
Confirm the zoning district and mapped standards before relying on a listing's description of permitted use23. Check septic suitability early because only about 31% of Washington County soils are rated without severe limits for a conventional drain field30. Verify road ownership and obtain the correct driveway approval before applying for a building permit15. Ask the Zoning Office about the flood map because development in a regulatory floodway may require engineering analysis showing no increase in base-flood conditions3820. For land divisions in the Washington County Planning Region, final plats must satisfy subdivision regulations and applicable approved preliminary plans before approval and recording; road, drainage, utility, stormwater and erosion-control inspections may also be required39. The effective property-tax rate is about 0.6%, and the median annual bill is about $1,2784041.
Watch-outs
- Do not begin covered work before receiving the county permit: Washington County may add a 100% penalty to the permit fee unless a listed exception applies21.
- Washington County's septic permits come from TDEC's Johnson City Environmental Field Office, while the county may still request septic or sewer approval with the building application4249.
- Long-term RV living and a general minimum dwelling size could not be confirmed; ask the Zoning Office for a parcel-specific answer before placing or buying a unit20.
- A tiny home must be site-built on a permanent foundation, located where single-family dwellings are allowed, and checked against subdivision and deed restrictions14.
Sources
- washingtoncountytn.org, quoted and re-checked
- Zoning, Planning & Building Codes, quoted and re-checked
- Subsurface Sewage Disposal System (SSDS) Permits, quoted and re-checked
- Building Permit Addendum, quoted and re-checked
- Zoning Compliance Residential Application, quoted and re-checked
- Zoning Resolution of Washington County, Tennessee, quoted and re-checked
- Johnson City: Johnson City Zoning and Overlays MapServer (Washington County), quoted and re-checked
- Subsurface Sewage Disposal System (SSDS) Permits, quoted and re-checked
- TDEC Johnson City Environmental Field Office (tn.gov)
- Purchasing a Permit, quoted and re-checked
- Can I build my own home without a license? (Tennessee statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
- Codes Compliance, quoted and re-checked
- Codes Compliance, quoted and re-checked
- washingtoncountytn.org, quoted and re-checked
- washingtoncountytn.org, quoted and re-checked
- Washington County Subdivision Regulations, quoted and re-checked
- Codes Compliance, quoted and re-checked
- Codes Compliance, quoted and re-checked
- Codes Compliance, quoted and re-checked
- Washington County Zoning, Planning & Building Codes (Zoning Office) (washingtoncountytn.org)
- Zoning Office Fee Schedule, quoted and re-checked
- Zoning Resolution of Washington County, Tennessee, quoted and re-checked
- Washington County Zoning Resolution, quoted and re-checked
- Exemption from County Zoning Regulation for Buildings on Land Used for Agriculture, Opinion No. 22-07 (Tennessee statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
- 604, 605 & 606 R-1 (A&B) Low Density Residential District, quoted and re-checked
- Zoning Resolution of Washington County, Tennessee, quoted and re-checked
- Subsurface Sewage Disposal System (SSDS) Permits, quoted and re-checked
- Septic System Construction Permit (Tennessee statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
- Subsurface Sewage Disposal System (SSDS) Frequently Asked Questions (Tennessee statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
- Share of soils USDA rates "not limited" for a conventional septic drain field (SSURGO). A strict rating: the median county is about 6% and a tenth of counties are 0%, so a low figure means most lots need a site evaluation or an engineered system, not that septic is impossible. Cite it only with that caveat: Bolthole Index county data
- Underground Injection Control Permit, quoted and re-checked
- Utility Customers Frequently Asked Questions (Tennessee statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
- Codes Compliance, quoted and re-checked
- Zoning Resolution of Washington County, Tennessee, quoted and re-checked
- Washington County Zoning Resolution, quoted and re-checked
- Zoning, Planning & Building Codes, quoted and re-checked
- Highway Entrance Permits (Tennessee statewide rule), quoted and re-checked
- Zoning Resolution of Washington County, Tennessee, quoted and re-checked
- Washington County Subdivision Regulations, quoted and re-checked
- Effective property tax rate: Bolthole Index county data
- Median property tax bill: Bolthole Index county data
- Online Application for Septic Related Services, quoted and re-checked
Written October 11, 2026 from the rules quoted below, each taken from an official source and re-checked by an independent reviewer. This is research, not legal advice: rules change, so confirm with the office before you buy or build.